Продолжительность жизни населения Севера России и потери от отдельных причин смерти

Народонаселение. 2025. Т. 28. № 4. С. 54–67.

Smirnov A., Панарина И. А.

The article considers life expectancy of the population of the regions of Russian North in 1993–2023. Despite the large contribution of the northern territories to the economy, some of them remain among the most lagging in mortality rates. Using the Russian Fertility and Mortality database, the authors calculated the losses in life expectancy in the northern regions from 307 causes of death in 2015–2021. The study identified causes of death that are more and less pronounced in the North than the national average. The «northern» causes of death included murders, suicides, poisoning, cardiomyopathy, bacterial pneumonia and exposure to low temperatures. «Non-northern» causes include non-alcoholic fibrosis and cirrhosis of liver; diseases caused by HIV; disorders of the nervous system, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, cerebral atherosclerosis and old age. The article identifies the leading causes of death that cause the greatest losses in life expectancy in the North, as well as causes that take an unusually large number of lives in certain northern regions (57 cases). They allowed us to identify some features of the practices of registering causes of death in the regions, as well as social problems that lead to increased mortality in a  number of territories. Of greatest concern are external causes of death, especially in the Tuva Republic and Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, the spread of tuberculosis in the Tuva Republic, HIV in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, and alcohol-related causes of death in most northern regions. A detailed analysis of the mortality structure demonstrated that there are significant reserves for improving the demographic situation in the North of Russia. Mortality from preventable causes remains high. Future research should be aimed at studying the demographic consequences of the compression of the social infrastructure of the Northern territories

Keywords: смертность, life expectancy, продолжительность жизни, mortality, регионы Севера, причины смерти, causes of death, структура смертности, regions of Russian North, mortality structure