Publications

This book addresses a wide range of issues relating to the theoretical substantiation of the necessity of Industry 4.0, the development of the methodological tools for its analysis and evaluation, and practical solutions for effectively managing this process. It particularly focuses on solving the problem of optimizing the development of Industry 4.0 in the context of knowledge economy formation.

The book presents the authors’ approach to studying the process of Industry 4.0 formation in connection with knowledge economy, and approach that allows the process to be studied in connection with the existing socio-economic and technological conditions. As a result, the conclusions and recommendations could be applied to modern economic systems and do not require any further elaboration.

The presented research is based on modern economic theory scientific and methodological tools, including the tools of the theory of economic cycles, the theory of games, and the institutional economic theory. Raising awareness of the problem of Industry 4.0 formation, the book is of interest to a wide audience, including not only specialists and experts with a detailed knowledge of the topic, but also scholars, lecturers, and undergraduates of various fields of economics

Our Yearbook ‘History and Mathematics’ has already celebrated its 10th anniversary and has confidently entered its second decade. The common feature of all our Yearbooks, including the present volume, is the usage of formal methods and social studies methods in their synthesis to analyze different historical phenomena.

The present Yearbook (which is the seventh in the series) is subtitled ‘Big History Aspects’. This issue is devoted to the problems of evolutionary development of the world. In no way will it be a digression from the direction which we have initially defined for our Yearbook, but just an extension of the scope of the research. The matter is that there are two kinds of history: the history of nature (or more exactly the Universe and the Earth) and the history of humans and mankind. It is not surprising that the idea of historicism penetrated almost every scientific field. At the same time the search for common foundations of this endless in its diversity world has intensified. One of the directions of this interdisciplinary search for the unity of the world in its diversity is Universal Evolutionism (Big History). Mathematical and formal methods help to understand much deeply both natural and human history.

This issue of the Yearbook consists of four main sections: (I) Patterns of Big History; (II) Hypotheses of Deep Big History; (III) Biological Aspects; (IV) History and Future of Social Systems.

We hope that this issue will be interesting and useful both for historians and mathematicians, as well as for all those dealing with various social and natural sciences

This is an advanced text on ordinary differential equations (ODES) in Banach and more general locally convex spaces, most notably the ODEs on measures and various function spaces. It yields the concise exposition of the fundamentals with the fast, but rigorous and systematic transition to the up-fronts of modern research in linear and nonlinear partial and pseudo-differential equations, general kinetic equations and fractional evolutions. The level of generality is chosen to be suitable for the study of the most important nonlinear equations of mathematical physics, such as Boltzmann, Smoluchovskii, Vlasov, Landau-Fokker-Planck, Cahn-Hilliard, Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, nonlinear Schroedinger, McKean-Vlasov diffusions and their nonlocal extensions, mass-action-law kinetics from chemistry. It also covers nonlinear evolutions arising in evolutionary biology and mean-field games, optimization theory, epidemics and system biology, in general models of interacting particles or agents describing splitting and merging, collisions and breakage, mutations and the preferential-attachment growth on networks. The book is meant for final year undergraduate and postgraduate students and researchers in differential equations and their applications. A significant amount of attention is paid to the interconnections between various topics revealing where and how a particular result is used in other chapters or may be used in other contexts, as well as to the clarification of the links between the languages of pseudo-differential operators, generalized functions, operator theory, abstract linear spaces, fractional calculus and path integrals.

This two volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Digital Transformation and Global Society, DTGS 2019, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in June 2019.

Provides an overview of the developments and advances in the field of network clustering and blockmodeling over the last 10 years

This book offers an integrated treatment of network clustering and blockmodeling, covering all of the newest approaches and methods that have been developed over the last decade. Presented in a comprehensive manner, it offers the foundations for understanding network structures and processes, and features a wide variety of new techniques addressing issues that occur during the partitioning of networks across multiple disciplines such as community detection, blockmodeling of valued networks, role assignment, and stochastic blockmodeling.

Written by a team of international experts in the field, Advances in Network Clustering and Blockmodeling offers a plethora of diverse perspectives covering topics such as: bibliometric analyses of the network clustering literature; clustering approaches to networks; label propagation for clustering; and treating missing network data before partitioning. It also examines the partitioning of signed networks, multimode networks, and linked networks. A chapter on structured networks and coarsegrained descriptions is presented, along with another on scientific coauthorship networks. The book finishes with a section covering conclusions and directions for future work. In addition, the editors provide numerous tables, figures, case studies, examples, datasets, and more.

Offers a clear and insightful look at the state of the art in network clustering and blockmodeling Provides an excellent mix of mathematical rigor and practical application in a comprehensive manner Presents a suite of new methods, procedures, algorithms for partitioning networks, as well as new techniques for visualizing matrix arrays Features numerous examples throughout, enabling readers to gain a better understanding of research methods and to conduct their own research effectively Written by leading contributors in the field of spatial networks analysis

Advances in Network Clustering and Blockmodeling is an ideal book for graduate and undergraduate students taking courses on network analysis or working with networks using real data. It will also benefit researchers and practitioners interested in network analysis.

This edition of Procedia Computer Science represents the proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Knowledge - Based and Intelligent Information & Engineering Systems (KES 2019), organised by KES International and held at the Danubius Health Spa Resort, Budapest over 4-6 September 2019. KES 2019 was the 23rd event in a series of broad-spectrum intelligent systems conferences first held in Adelaide, Australia in 1997. The main aim of this KES conference series is to provide an internationally respected forum for the dissemination of research results and the discussion of issues relating to the theory, technologies and applications of intelligent engineering and information systems. This truly international conference attracted submissions from a substantial number of researchers and practitioners from all over the world, who submitted their papers to three general tracks, one thematic track and 34 special sessions on specific topics. A large number of submissions was received and each paper was peer reviewed by at least two members of the International Program Committee. From them, 274 high-quality papers were accepted for oral presentation and publication in Procedia Computer Science, submitted for indexing in Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) and Scopus. The conference chairs would like to express their gratitude to the Keynote Speakers: Prof Dana Barry, Clarkson University, USA, title of talk: 'STEM and ICT Education in Intelligent Environments'; Dr Carlos Toro, ARTC (Advanced Remanufacturing and Technology Centre) - A*Star, Singapore, title of talk: 'Smart Manufacturing coming of age'; Prof Katsutoshi Yada, Kansai University, Japan, title of talk: 'Sensor Marketing and Data Mining'; Prof Cecilia Zanni-Merk, INSA Rouen Normandie / LITIS Laboratory, France, title of talk 'On the need of an Explainable Artificial Intelligence'; and Prof Sergey Zykov, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Russia, title of talk: 'IT Crisisology: the New Discipline for Managing Software Development in Crisis'. We would like to acknowledge also the Programme Co-Chairs, the General Track Chairs, the International Programme Committee members and reviewers for their valuable efforts in the review process, helping us to guarantee the highest quality possible for the conference. We would also like to thank the organisers and chairs of the special sessions which make an essential contribution to the success of the conference. Lastly, we would like to thank all the authors, presenters and delegates for their valuable contribution in making this an extraordinary event. KES International hopes and intends that KES2019 will make a significant contribution to international research collaboration and understanding, an essential task for the promotion of scientific joint work and excellence.

This paper determines the optimal volume of international currency reserves of the Bank of Russia to prevent harmful fluctuations of the Russian ruble exchange rate causing a threat to financial stability.

We create a system of models, taking into account the linkage between the dynamics of the exchange rate and the behavior of economic agents – households, non-financial industries and banks. The evaluation includes the initial effects of stress, both in the internal foreign exchange market and in the global oil market. We also shed some light on the effects of the spread of these shocks through changes in the demand for currency, from economic agents and its consequences for the ruble exchange rate. The most important task in this study is the development of an iterative approach for stress testing the banking system, in the situation of excessive volatility in the internal foreign exchange market. The stress testing procedure considers the “fire sales” effect for the securities of banks, which means that these securities can be sold if a bank faces a liquidity or capital shortage, due to an imbalance of currency assets and liabilities.

The results of the stress testing allows us to conclude that, with the occurrence of the most severe stress and the immediate provisions of currency liquidity by the Bank of Russia, the current volume of international reserves will be sufficient to eliminate its consequences. However, in case of late provisions of currency liquidity, the volume of highly liquid reserves will not be enough, and the Bank of Russia will have to sell the significant volume of foreign government securities. It can lead to a devaluation of these securities.

In this connection, the Bank of Russia should change the structure of the currency international reserves in favor of highly liquid assets, by reducing the share of securities and increasing the share of short-term deposits in foreign banks with high credit ratings. As for the volume of international currency reserves for Russia (including less liquid components), it is sufficient to overcome the maximum possible stress in the foreign exchange market and to subsequently maintain the solvency of the Russian economy.

Transmediation—the telling of a single story across multiple media—is a relatively new phenomenon. While there have been adaptations (books to films, for example) for more than a century, modern technology and media consumption have expanded the scope of trans-mediating practices. Nowhere are these more evident than within the Harry Potter universe, where a coherent world and narrative are iterated across books, films, video games, fan fiction, art, music and more. Curated by a leading Harry Potter scholar, this collection of new essays explores the range of Potter texts across a variety of media.

Text stream classification is an important problem that is difficult to solve at scale. Batch processing systems, widely adopted for text classification tasks, cannot provide for low latency. Distributed stream processing systems can offer low latency, but do not support the same level of fault tolerance and determinism as the batch systems. In this work, we demonstrate how the distributed stream processing features can affect the results of a typical text classification data flow. Our analysis shows emerged trade-offs between fault tolerance and reproducibility on the one side, and performance on the other side. We outline potential ways to solve the revealed issues and to handle streaming features.

Large-scale classification of text streams is an essential problem that is hard to solve. Batch processing systems are scalable and proved their effectiveness for machine learning but do not provide low latency. On the other hand, state-of-the-art distributed stream processing systems are able to achieve low latency but do not support the same level of fault tolerance and determinism. In this work, we discuss how the distributed streaming computational model and fault tolerance mechanisms can affect the correctness of text classification data flow. We also propose solutions that can mitigate the revealed pitfalls.

We propose a new type of public-key cryptosystems (PKC) which is based on repetition of different error-correcting codes. We give a brief analysis of some well known attacks on code-based PKC, including structural ones and show that the scheme could be used as a perspective post-quantum PKC.

The goal of this International Roadmap for Devices and Systems (IRDS) chapter is to survey, catalog, and assess the status of technologies in the areas of cryogenic electronics and quantum information processing. Application drivers are identified for sufficiently developed technologies and application needs are mapped as a function of time against projected capabilities to identify challenges requiring research and development effort. Cryogenic electronics (also referred to as low-temperature electronics or cold electronics) is defined by operation at cryogenic temperatures (below −150 °C or 123.15 K) and includes devices and circuits made from a variety of materials including insulators, conductors, semiconductors, superconductors, or topological materials. Existing and emerging applications are driving development of novel cryogenic electronic technologies. Information processing refers to the input, transmission, storage, manipulation or processing, and output of data. Information processing systems to accomplish a specific function, in general, require several different interactive layers of technology. A top-down list of these layers begins with the required application or system function, leading to system architecture, micro- or nano-architecture, circuits, devices, and materials. A fundamental unit of information (e.g., a bit) is represented by a computational state variable, for example, the position of a bead in the ancient abacus calculator or the voltage (or charge) state of a node capacitance in CMOS logic. A binary computational state variable serves as the foundation for von Neumann computational system architectures that dominated conventional computing. Quantum information processing is different in that it uses qubits, two-state quantum-mechanical systems that can be in coherent superpositions of both states at the same time, which can have computational advantages. Measurement of a qubit in a given basis causes it to collapse to one of the basis states. Technology categories covered in this report include: • Superconductor electronics (SCE) • Cryogenic semiconductor electronics (Cryo-Semi) • Quantum information processing (QIP)

Water Conservation and Wastewater Treatment in BRICS Nations: Technologies, Challenges, Strategies, and Policies addresses issues of water resources—including combined sewer system overflows—assessing effects on water quality standards and protecting surface and sub-surface potable water from the intrusion of saline water due to sea level rise. The book's chapters incorporate both policies and practical aspects and serve as baseline information for future adaption plans in BRICS nations. Users will find detailed important information that is ideal for policymakers, water management specialists, BRICS nation undergraduate or university students, teachers and researchers.

The industrial development of emerging markets has been a powerful driver for mergers and acquisitions. The contributions collected in this book assess major M&A deals in the largest emerging capital markets (Brazil, Russia, India, China) and their role in shareholder value creation in the markets’ specific business environments. In addition, the book explores various dimensions of M&A deals in order to summarize the main trends in corporate control markets in the largest emerging countries, and how they differ from those in developed countries; to identify deal-performance relationships and the determinants of success or failure; to reveal the drivers for the premium in M&A deals; and to capture market responses to different M&A strategies. By doing so, the book makes a significant contribution to the literature, which has to date largely focused on developed markets.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks and Texts, AIST 2019, held in Kazan, Russia, in July 2019.

Neither general relativity (which revealed that gravity is merely manifestation of the non-Euclidean geometry of spacetime) nor modern cosmology would have been possible without the almost simultaneous and independent discovery of non-Euclidean geometry in the 19th century by three great mathematicians - Nikolai Ivanovich Lobachevsky, János Bolyai and Carl Friedrich Gauss (whose ideas were later further developed by Georg Friedrich Bernhard Riemann).This volume contains three works by Lobachevsky on the foundations of geometry and non-Euclidean geometry: "Geometry", "Geometrical investigations on the theory of parallel lines" and "Pangeometry". It will be of interest not only to experts and students in mathematics, physics, history and philosophy of science, but also to anyone who is not intimidated by the magnitude of one of the greatest discoveries of our civilization and would attempt to follow (and learn from) Lobachevsky's line of thought, helpfully illustrated by over 130 figures, that led him to the discovery. The first English translation.

The problem of the Zeemann–Stark effect for the hydrogen atom in electromagnetic fields is considered using the irreducible representations of the Karasev–Novikova algebra with quadratic commutation relations. An asymptotics of the series of eigenvalues and the asymptotic eigenfunctions are obtained near the upper boundaries of resonance spectral clusters which are formed near the energy levels of an unperturbed hydrogen atom.

In the paper we discuss a new bound of the total variation distance in terms of L^2 distance for random variables that are polynominals in log-concave random vectors.

We analyze the evolution of the normal and superconducting properties of epitaxial TiN films, characterized by high Ioffe-Regel parameter values, as a function of the film thickness. As the film thickness decreases, we observe an increase of the residual resistivity, that becomes dominated by diffusive surface scattering for d≤20nm. At the same time, a substantial thickness-dependent reduction of the superconducting critical temperature is observed compared to the bulk TiN value. In such high-quality material films, this effect can be explained by a weak magnetic disorder residing in the surface layer with a characteristic magnetic defect density of approximately 10^12cm^−2. Our results suggest that surface magnetic disorder is generally present in oxidized TiN films.

The superposition principle for Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations is generalized. 

The Kantorovich problem with a parameter is studied. 

Differential properties of semigroups and estimates of distances between stationary distributions of diffusions are studied.

Log-Sobolev-type inequalities for solutions to stationary Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations are obtained.

A new approach to  Nikolskii-Besov classes is presented.

New results on convergence to stationary distributions for solutions to nonlinear Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equations are obtained.

Purpose The purpose of the research is to study conceptual foundations and methodology of evaluation of effectiveness of state tax policy and to determine effectiveness of state tax policy that is implemented in modern Russia. Methodology For complex evaluation of effectiveness of state tax policy, the proprietary methods, which allows combining advantages of both existing conceptual approaches and overcoming their drawbacks, is used. This method envisages evaluation of effectiveness of state tax policy through separate calculation of the value of financial indicator and values of non-financial indicators with the following unification and treatment of the received results. Results It is showed that the modern Russian state tax policy is peculiar for low effectiveness. The main reason for that is insufficiently successful implementation of the most important function of the taxation system—provision of collection of taxes for state budgets of all levels of the budget system—due to deficit of the consolidated state budget of the Russian Federation and critically large volume of tax evasion (shadow economy). Costs of tax policy exceed its positive results by more than two times, even without consideration of expenditures for state tax administration and control. In addition to this, state tax policy in Russia does not fully conform to the declared principles of stability, transparency, justice, and stimulation of national interests. Recommendations it is concluded that low effectiveness of tax policy of the state could be one of the reasons of non-optimality of modern Russia’s taxation system. That’s why increase of effectiveness of state tax policy is recommended for optimization of this system. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Purpose The purpose of the work is to study the “free rider problem” in taxes and determine the probability of the fact that shadow economy in modern Russia is caused by this problem. Methodology For determining the probability of the fact that shadow economy in modern Russia is caused by the “free rider problem” in taxes, the authors conduct a complex logical analysis of information and analytical materials of the Global Financial Literacy Excellence Center, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”, the World Bank Group, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Analytical Center “National Agency for Financial Studies”, and the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center, which contain expert evaluations of the level of financial awareness and, in particular, tax awareness in modern Russia, as well as their averaging for obtaining the most realistic picture (as of the 2018 data). Results The authors show that the “free rider problem” in taxes is an alternative (opposite) phenomenon to tax opportunism, related to unintentional or insufficiently conscious violation of tax law, which is not profitable for the state and for tax “free riders”. In modern Russia, the level of financial awareness of the population and, in particular, tax awareness is at the level of 50%. This means that there’s high probability (0.5) that shadow economy in Russia could be caused by the “free rider problem” in taxes. Recommendations For solving the “free rider problem” in taxes, the authors developed a managerial concept that ensures reduction of the volume of shadow economy, growth of tax revenues, overcoming of deficit of state budget, and more successful execution of state’s liabilities (guarantees) before the society. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Purpose This work is aimed at studying the essence of taxation management at a modern company, consideration (by the example of modern Russia) of accessible means of tax optimization, determination of related problems, and development of the optimization algorithm of conduct of taxation management at a modern company. Methodology The research is based on the existing methodology of evaluation of effectiveness of tax optimization at a company. Results In the course of complex analysis of accessible means of taxation optimization at a modern company it is determined that tax optimization is related to emergence of undesired consequences (problems) for a company, most of which have non-tax (production or marketing) nature. Neglecting these consequences distorts the expected results of tax optimization and reduces effectiveness of taxation management at a modern company. Recommendation The proprietary optimization algorithm of taxation management at a modern company allows considering not only advantages from tax optimization but also expenditures for its conduct and related risks (problems) for a company, due to which it ensures receipt of precise and authentic estimate results and guarantees high effectiveness of taxation management at a modern company. Usage of the offered optimization algorithm of taxation management at a modern company allows making the practice of tax optimization widely accessible (due to simple and clear calculations) and ensuring well-balanced management of tax and finance, production, and marketing components of entrepreneurial activities, thus leading to growth of global competitiveness of modern Russian companies. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019.

Despite the unconditional importance of the role of the state as the guiding coordinator of the efforts of the society and the energy saving business, the key role in this process belongs to the economic entities that directly implement the energy saving strategy adopted at the national level. Therefore, it is important to involve them in the process and ensure that they are interested in its results. © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019.

In recent works on learning representations for graph structures, methods have been proposed both for the representation of nodes and edges for large graphs, and for representation of graphs as a whole. This paper considers the popular graph2vec approach, which shows quite good results for ordinary graphs. In the field of natural language processing, however, a graph structure called a dependency tree is often used to express the connections between words in a sentence. We show that the graph2vec approach applied to dependency trees is unsatisfactory, which is due to the WL Kernel. In this paper, an adaptation of this kernel for dependency trees has been proposed, as well as 3 other types of kernels that take into account the specific features of dependency trees. This new vector representation can be used in NLP tasks where it is important to model syntax (e.g. authorship attribution, intention labeling, targeted sentiment analysis etc.). Universal Dependencies treebanks were clustered to show the consistency and validity of the proposed tree representation methods.

This paper is aimed at evaluating the performance of existing models of morphemic analysis for Russian based on convolutional neural networks. The models were trained on a relatively small amount of annotated training data (38,368 words). We tuned the hyperparameters to accommodate the harder task setting, which helped improve the accuracy of the model. In addition to testing 15 different configurations on the available test set, a new sample of 800 words containing roots that are missing in the training sample (e.g. neologisms and recent loan words) was manually created and annotated for morphemic structure (the new dataset is made available to the community). The effectiveness of the models was evaluated on this sample, and it turned out that the performance of the CNN models was much worse on this set (an almost 30% drop in word accuracy). We performed a classification of errors made by the best model both on the standard test set and the new one.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to determine new challenges and driving forces of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU and to develop a conceptual approach to implementing the investment and innovational projects by modern Russian companies of the AIC. Methodology: The authors use the method of systemic, problem, and logical analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, economic modeling, and formalization. Results: New challenges of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU are determined: Growth of competition of R&D institutes in the AIC, growth of competition of manufacturers in the AIC, necessity for observing the regulations during R&D in the AIC, and growth of competition of sellers in the AIC. New driving forces of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU are determined: Innovational networks, technological parks in the AIC, transnational clusters in the AIC, state support for R&D in the AIC by all countries of the EAEU, and export of products of the AIC to the countries of the EAEU. Recommendations: It is substantiated that in the conditions of the EAEU companies of the Russian AIC face new challenges and receive new driving forces for innovational development. The offered conceptual approach to implementation of investment and innovational projects by modern Russian companies of the AIC allows for the most effective usage of the possibilities of the EAEU and for maximization of advantages of all interested parties, which—in the national scale—will ensure growth of competitiveness of the Russian AIC, provision of national food security, and increase of export. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to determine the scenarios innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU and to develop a competitive model of this development. Methodology: The authors use the method of qualitative scenario analysis for determining the scenarios of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU and the method of modeling of socio-economic processes and systems and the method of formalization (graphic presentation of the results of modeling) for creating a competitive model of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU. Results: Three scenarios of innovational development of the modern Russia’s AIC are determined–technical modernization, ecologization, and transition to AIC 4.0–each of which envisages narrow specialization and cannot guarantee high competitiveness of the studied complex. For receiving the highest advantages from innovational development of the modern Russia’s AIC, it is offered to combine all three scenarios that have to determine the directions of this development. Due to this, the manufactured food products will be diversified and, therefore, will be less dependent on the change of consumer preferences in separate segments of the market and fluctuations of the world prices for food. This will ensure high global competitiveness of development of the Russian AIC, as the platform of the EAEU will provide export to the participants of this integration union and to the world markets. Recommendations: A competitive model of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU is developed and recommended for practical application. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the causal connections of innovational development of the AIC in the conditions of the EAEU by the example of modern Russia. Methodology: The research is performed in three stages. At the first stage, the methods of trend and comparative analysis are used for analyzing and comparing the dynamics of indicators of development of Russia’s AIC before the creation of the EAEU (2012–2015) and in the conditions of this integration union (2015–2018). The information and analytical basis includes materials of the Overview of actual and problem issues of implementation of coordinated agro-industrial policy, prepared by the Department of agro-industrial policy of the Eurasian Economic Commission. At the second stage, the method of forecasting (all other conditions being equal) is used for determining the forecast values of indicators from Table 1 for the mid-term (2019–2024) – this allows bringing the selection of statistical data to the representative volume (10 years: 2015–2024). Then, the method of regression analysis is used for determining the dependence of indicators of innovational development of the Russian AIC on the volume of mutual trade of food products within the EAEU by Russia. This allows determining the influence of participation in the EAEU on innovational development of the Russian AIC. At the third stage, the method of regression analysis is used for determining the dependence of results (volume of import of food products and agricultural resources, level of food security) on the indicators of innovational development of the Russian AIC. The information and analytical basis includes the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Economist Intelligence Unit. This allows evaluating the efficiency of innovational development of the AIC in the conditions of the EAEU and achievement of the goals of creation of the integration union that are connected to development of the AIC.Results: As a result of the research, it is determined that participation in the EAEU positively influences the innovational development of the Russian AIC, stimulating the formation of its new paradigm, connected to growth of investment and innovational activity of companies of this complex, which stimulates modernization of production technologies and equipment and growth of efficiency. Recommendations: It is substantiated that the new paradigm of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU allows increasing the efficiency of this development by forming highly-effective and competitive import substitution and growth of national food security of Russia. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.

The general goal of this paper is to gather and review several methods from homotopy and combinatorial topology and formal concepts analysis (FCA) and analyze their connections. FCA appears naturally in the problem of combinatorial simplification of simplicial complexes and allows to see a certain duality on a class of simplicial complexes. This duality generalizes Poincare duality on cell subdivisions of manifolds. On the other hand, with the notion of a topological formal context, we review the classical proofs of two basic theorems of homotopy topology: Alexandrov Nerve theorem and Quillen--McCord theorem, which are both important in the applications. A brief overview of the applications of the Nerve theorem in brain studies is given. The focus is made on the task of the external stimuli space reconstruction from the activity of place cells. We propose to use the combination of FCA and topology in the analysis of neural codes. The lattice of formal concepts of a neural code is homotopy equivalent to the nerve complex, but, moreover, it allows to analyse certain implication relations between collections of neural cells.

New convergence rate asymptotic bound for a class of homogeneous Markov chains is established.

This paper uses the parsimonious method of embedding skewness in asset allocation based on the Taylor expansion of the investor utility function up to the third term and maximizing it by portfolio weights. This approach also enables us to consider investor risk aversion. Time-dependent multivariate asset moments are obtained via the GOGARCH volatility model with a normal-inverse Gaussian distribution for the error term. We explore the performance of the usual 2 moment utility and its 3 moment counterpart for a portfolio consisted of twenty assets traded on the Russian stock market. The results demonstrate that the 3 moment utility significantly outperforms the 2 moment utility by SD, MAD and CVaR for low levels of absolute risk aversion and by portfolio returns and investor utility level during the whole forecast period.

We show that the presence of a two-dimensional inertial manifold for an ordinary differential equation in Rn permits reducing the problem of determining asymptotically orbitally stable limit cycles to the Poincare–Bendixson theory. In the case n = 3 we implement such a scenario for a model of a satellite rotation around a celestial body of small mass and for a biochemical model.

We show that the presence of a two-dimensional inertial manifold for an ordinary differential equation in Rn permits reducing the problem of determining asymptotically orbitally stable limit cycles to the Poincare–Bendixson theory. In the case n = 3 we implement such a scenario for a model of a satellite rotation around a celestial body of small mass and for a biochemical model.

We show that the presence of a two-dimensional inertial manifold for an ordinary differential equation in Rn permits reducing the problem of determining asymptotically orbitally stable limit cycles to the Poincare–Bendixson theory. In the case n = 3 we implement such a scenario for a model of a satellite rotation around a celestial body of small mass and for a biochemical model.

Mobility of highly qualified personnel between countries and regions is closely related to the issue of the effective distribution of human resources and the prospects for the innovative development of the state. The focus of this study is the interregional mobility of Russian researchers: the geographical movements of scientists between different regions (subjects of the Russian Federation). The empirical base of the study is the data obtained in 2016-2017 during the questionnaire survey of 1880 Russian researchers. Two main aspects are analyzed: already accomplished movements of researchers (moving for the educational or working purposes) and the “attitude to mobility” - readiness to move in the future. The features of researchers depending on their mobility pattern are analyzed. Among the most researchers who had the experience of moving in the past (both for education and work purposes) develops the “attitude to mobility”. In the future, they are more willing to consider various options for moving both “for interest” (to participate in an important large-scale project), and “for money” (to get the job with acceptable level of remuneration). There exists a category of Russian researchers who are ready to move “anywhere”: both abroad and within Russia, to large and to small cities. Researchers who are not ready to move to the place that they consider as a small town in a remote region, are concerned about the prospects for professional growth, difficulties for the family, a different lifestyle, change of professional and personal social circle. These aspects should be taken into account in the development of various programs and measures aimed to stimulate internal academic mobility in Russia.

By a classical result of Darboux, a foliation of a Riemannian surface has the Graves property (also known as the strong evolution property) if and only if the foliation comes from a Liouville net. A similar result of Blaschke says that a pair of orthogonal foliations has the Ivory property if and only if they form a Liouville net. Let us say that a geodesically convex curve on a Riemannian surface has the Poritsky property if it can be parametrized in such a way that all of its string diffeomorphisms are shifts with respect to this parameter. In 1950, Poritsky has shown that the only closed plane curves with this property are ellipses. In the present article we show that a curve on a Riemannian surface has the Poritsky property if and only if it is a coordinate curve of a Liouville net. We also recall Blaschke's derivation of the Liouville property from the Ivory property and his proof of Weihnacht's theorem: the only Liouville nets in the plane are nets of confocal conics and their degenerations. This suggests the following generalization of Birkhoff's conjecture: If an interior neighborhood of a closed geodesically convex curve on a Riemannian surface is foliated by billiard caustics, then the metric in the neighborhood is Liouville, and the curve is one of the coordinate lines.

For a given closed convex planar curve γ with smooth boundary and a given p>0, the string construction yields a family of curves Γp for which γ is a caustic. The action of the reflection Tp on the tangent lines to γ≃S1 induces its action on the tangency points: a circle diffeomorphism p:γ→γ. We say that γ has string Poritsky property, if it admits a parameter t (called Poritsky--Lazutkin string length parameter) in which all the transformations p are translations t↦t+cp. These definitions also make sense for germs of curves γ. Poritsky property is closely related to the famous Birkhoff Conjecture. It is classically known that each conic has string Poritsky property. In 1950 H.Poritsky proved the converse: each germ of planar curve with Poritsky property is a conic. In the present paper we extend this Poritsky's result to germs of curves to all the simply connected complete surfaces with Riemannian metric of constant curvature and to outer billiards on all these surfaces. We also consider the general case of curves with Poritsky property on any two-dimensional surface with Riemannian metric and prove a formula for the derivative of the Poritsky--Lazutkin length as a function of the natural length parameter. In this general setting we also prove the following uniqueness result: a germ of curve with Poritsky property is uniquely determined by its 4-th jet. In the Euclidean case this statement follows from the above-mentioned Poritsky's result.

The paper deals with a three-parameter family of special dou- ble confluent Heun equations that was introduced and studied by V. M. Buchstaber and S. I. Tertychnyi as an equivalent presentation of a model of overdamped Josephson junction in superconductivity. The parameters are l, λ, μ ∈ R. Buchstaber and Tertychnyi described those parameter values, for which the corresponding equation has a poly- nomial solution. They have shown that for μ ≠ 0 this happens ex- actly when l ∈ N and the parameters (λ, μ) lie on an algebraic curve Γl ⊂ C2(λ,μ) called the l-spectral curve and defined as zero locus of de- terminant of a remarkable three-diagonal l × l-matrix. They studied the real part of the spectral curve and obtained important results with applications to model of Josephson junction, which is a family of dy- namical systems on 2-torus depending on real parameters (B,A;ω); the parameter ω, called the frequency, is fixed. One of main problems on the above-mentioned model is to study the geometry of boundaries of its phase-lock areas in R2(B,A) and their evolution, as ω decreases to 0. An approach to this problem suggested in the present paper is to study the complexified boundaries. We prove irreducibility of the complex spectral curve Γl for every l ∈ N. We also calculate its genus for l ⩽ 20 and present a conjecture on general genus formula. We apply the irreducibility result to the complexified boundaries of the phase-lock areas of model of Josephson junction. The family of real boundaries taken for all ω > 0 yields a countable union of two-dimensional analytic surfaces in R3 . We show that, unexpectedly, its complexification is(B,A,ω−1) a complex analytic subset consisting of just four two-dimensional irreducible components, and we describe them. This is done by using the representation of some special points of the boundaries (the so-called generalized simple intersections) as points of the real spectral curves and the above irreducibility result. We also prove that the spectral curve has no real ovals. We present a Monotonicity Conjecture on the evolution of the phase-lock area portraits, as ω decreases, and a partial positive result towards its confirmation.

Schizophrenia is a chronic debilitating disease. Sleep disturbances associated with a reduction in spindles are observed as warning signs prior to the first psychotic episode. Every spindle is a short-lasting (~0.5 s) set of bioelectric sinusoidal waves at the frequency of 10-16 Hz generated within the thalamus. Sleep spindles, easily identifiable in a scalp electroencephalogram, occur hundreds of times during sleep and are implicated in cognition like memory processes. For this reason, spindles are seen as an electrobiomarker of the quality of sleep and cognitive performance. In patients at high risk of psychotic transition, the density (number/time unit) of spindles is reduced. The underlying mechanisms of this change are unknown. Glutamate-mediated neurotransmission in the thalamus plays a key role in the generation of spindles and the etiology of schizophrenia. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that a reduced function of glutamate receptors at the thalamic level is involved in the psychosis-related reduction in spindles. Using cell-to-network neurophysiological methods in sleeping rats, we demonstrate that systemic administration of the NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist, ketamine, significantly decreases spindle density. This effect is consistently prevented by the widely used antipsychotic drug, clozapine. These original findings support the hypothesis of the involvement of a reduced function of NMDA glutamate receptors in the sleep spindle deficit observed in psychosis-related disorders. The present findings lay the foundation for the development of innovative therapies aimed at preventing psychotic, bipolar, and depressive disorders.

This paper examines one of the most important concepts of intestate succession – inheritance by right of representation. The following analysis is based on civil law in Russia and France. The paper provides an overview of the meaning and the role of the right of representation, determines those who can inherit by right of representation under the Russian and French civil codes as well as the grounds for succession; examines the limitations on inheritance by right of representation under civil law in both states; identifies the legal nature of the rights of the representing heirs. Specific attention is paid to the issue of representation of the parent who is the commorient of the decedent. As a result of the comparative study, the author makes proposals on the improvement of the concept of inheritance by right of representation in Russia and France.

A real polynomial p of degree n is called a Morse polynomial if its derivative has n−1 pairwise differentreal roots and values of p in these roots (critical values) are also pairwise different. The plot of such polynomial is called a "snake". By enumerating critical points and critical values in the increasing order we construct a permutation a1,…,an−1, where ai is the number of polynomial's value in i-th critical point. This permutation is called the \emph{passport} of the snake (polynomial). In this work for Morse polynomials of degrees 5 and 6 we describe the partition of the coefficient space into domains of constant passport.

The objective of the paper is to explore the role of maximum waiting times targets in improving access to health care in the context of the country with limited financial resources. The study indicates that most of targets in Russia are unrealistically low, while  institutional and operational arrangements for their implementation have not been built. Some regions of the country have started waiting times monitoring, but its coverage of providers is still limited. The estimates of actual waiting times are fragmented and unreliable. The lack of waiting time regulation and monitoring encourages the opportunistic behavior of health providers to meet the targets. Uncertainty of patients regarding actual waits is growing. Thus a waiting times guarantee is not a remedy to avoid excessive waiting times.  To make it really work, we recommend: 1) to develop realistic targets of waiting times that are based on a careful evaluation of the actual indicators for each type of care, as well as the capacity to meet them; 2) to strengthen waiting time monitoring, including pooling waiting lists/waiting times information in centralized information systems, introducing a unified pattern of waiting data reporting with the clarity on the initial point of waiting times, measuring both completed and on-going waits; 3) to build accountability procedures with the involvement of all actors of health care system.   

Government support to small business enterprises (SBEs) through set- aside (SA) public procurement auctions is a common practice. The effect of the SA mechanism is, however, ambiguous. On the one hand, SA auc- tions can attract more SBEs to compete; on the other hand, SA auctions restrict the entry of—possibly—more cost-efficient large firms. We inves- tigate SA auctions’ effect by exploiting an original Russian database on public procurement e-auctions for granulated sugar (a largely homoge- neous good) in the period 2011-2013. To identify the causal effect of SA auctions, we overcome two endogeneity issues: procurers’ choice of SA for- mat and firms’ decision to bid. In an empirical setting where confounding elements are minimized, we found that SA auctions’ effect largely depends on both the reserve price value and the level of competition. We found that there exists an optimal interval for the reserve price where SA auc- tions record lower procurement prices, as compared to non-SA auctions.

When storing multiple objects in visual working memory, observers sometimes misattribute perceived features to incorrect locations or objects. These misattributions are called binding errors (or swaps) and have been previously demonstrated mostly in simple objects whose features are easy to encode independently and arbitrarily chosen, like colors and orientations. Here, we tested whether similar swaps can occur with real-world objects, where the connection between features is meaningful rather than arbitrary. In Experiments 1 and 2, observers were simultaneously shown four items from two object categories. Within a category, the two exemplars could be presented in either the same or different states (e.g., open/closed; full/empty). After a delay, both exemplars from one of the categories were probed, and participants had to recognize which exemplar went with which state. We found good memory for state information and exemplar information on their own, but a significant memory decrement for exemplar-state combinations, suggesting that binding was difficult for observers and “swap” errors occurred even for meaningful real-world objects. In Experiment 3, we used the same tasks, but on half of the trials, the locations of the exemplars were swapped at test. We found that participants ascribed incorrect states to exemplars more frequently when the locations of exemplars were swapped. We concluded that the internal features of real-world objects are not perfectly bound in working memory, and location updates impair the object representation. Overall, we provide evidence that even real-world objects are not stored in an entirely unitized format in working memory.

We construct a tower of arithmetic generators of the bigraded polynomial ring J_{*,*}^{w, O}(D_n) of weak Jacobi modular forms invariant with respect to the full orthogonal group O(D_n) of the root lattice D_n for 2\le n\le 8. This tower corresponds to the tower of strongly reflective modular forms on the orthogonal groups of signature (2,n) which determine the Lorentzian Kac-Moody algebras related to the BCOV (Bershadsky-Cecotti-Ooguri-Vafa)-analytic torsions. We prove that the main three generators of index one of the graded ring satisfy a special system of modular differential equations. We found also a general modular differential equation of the generator of weight 0 and index 1 which generates the automorphic discriminant of the moduli space of Enriques surfaces.

We study a general ansatz for an odd supersymmetric version of the Kronecker elliptic function, which satisfies the genus one Fay identity. The obtained result is used for construction of the odd supersymmetric analogue for the classical and quantum elliptic R -matrices. They are shown to satisfy the classical Yang-Baxter equation and the associative Yang-Baxter equation. The quantum Yang-Baxter is discussed as well. It acquires additional term in the case of supersymmetric R -matrices.