Publications

The concept of ‘employee’ is arguably the most important one in labour law, defi ning, as it does, the scope of the discipline as a whole. This important new publication aims to develop a restatement of the concept of the employee in European labour law. The study identifi es both problems and solutions that have emerged, clearly setting out comparisons between the different member states’ approaches. The country reports explore both statutes and case law, tracking their contribution to legal doctrine. The objective of the restatement is to increase knowledge and gain a better understanding of one of the most crucial aspects of European labour law.

The volume presents a selection of contributions mostly from the fourteenth annual conference in commemoration of Prof Marco Biagi on Wellbeing at and through work held in Modena (Italy) on 17–18 March 2016. The papers, which form the chapters in this volume, cover a number of countries and a wide range of issues in relation to quality of work and employee well-being including discrimination, harassment, disability, and work-life balance addressing them in an interdisciplinary perspective. Moreover, a number of regulatory approaches ranging from legislative interventions to voluntary measures are analysed in an attempt to cast light on the problem of well-being at work.

The materials of The International Scientific – Practical Conference is presented below. The Conference reflects the modern state of innovation in education, science, industry and social-economic sphere, from the standpoint of introducing new information technologies.

It is interesting for a wide range of researchers, teachers, graduate students and professionals in the field of innovation and information technologies.

This valuable source for graduate students and researchers provides a comprehensive introduction to current theories and applications in optimization methods and network models. Contributions to this book are focused on new efficient algorithms and rigorous mathematical theories, which can be used to optimize and analyze mathematical graph structures with massive size and high density induced by natural or artificial complex networks. Applications to social networks, power transmission grids, telecommunication networks, stock market networks, and human brain networks are presented.

Chapters in this book cover the following topics:

Linear max min fairness Heuristic approaches for high-quality solutions Efficient approaches for complex multi-criteria optimization problems Comparison of heuristic algorithms New  heuristic iterative local search  Power in network structures Clustering nodes in random graphs Power transmission grid structure Network decomposition problems Homogeneity hypothesis testing Network analysis of international migration Social networks with node attributes Testing hypothesis on degree distribution in the market graphs Machine learning applications to human brain network studies

 

 

 This proceeding is a result of The 6th International Conference on Network Analysis held at the Higher School of Economics, Nizhny Novgorod in May 2016. The conference brought together scientists and engineers from industry, government, and academia to discuss the links between network analysis and a variety of fields.

As the number of digital texts increases rapidly, there is a pressing need for more advanced and diverse tools of natural language processing. While purely statistical approaches proved powerful and efficient for many NLP tasks, there are many applications that would benefit from the formal models and approaches traditional language science has to offer. With hopes to facilitate this interaction between theory and practical implementation, we are pleased to announce the workshop on Computational Linguistics and Language Science to be held in Moscow, Russia on April 25, 2016 (11 AM to 6 PM).

AIST is a scientific conference on Analysis of Images, Social Networks, and Texts. The conference is intended for computer scientists and practitioners whose research interests involve Internet mathematics and other related fields of data science. Similar to the previous year, the conference will be focused on applications of data mining and machine learning techniques to various problem domains: image processing, analysis of social networks, and natural language processing. We hope that the participants will benefit from the interdisciplinary nature of the conference and exchange experience.

In Raised under Stalin, Seth Bernstein shows how Stalin's regime provided young people with opportunities as members of the Young Communist League or Komsomol even as it surrounded them with violence, shaping socialist youth culture and socialism more broadly through the threat and experience of war. Informed by declassified materials from post-Soviet archives, as well as films, memoirs, and diaries by and about youth, Raised under Stalin explains the divided status of youth for the Bolsheviks: they were the "new people" who would someday build communism, the potential soldiers who would defend the USSR, and the hooligans who might undermine it from within.

Bernstein explains how, although Soviet revolutionary youth culture began as the preserve of proletarian activists, the Komsomol transformed under Stalin to become a mass organization of moral education; youth became the targets of state repression even as Stalin’s regime offered them the opportunity to participate in political culture. Raised under Stalin follows Stalinist youth into their ultimate test, World War II. Even as the war against Germany decimated the ranks of Young Communists, Bernstein finds evidence that it cemented Stalinist youth culture as a core part of socialism.

In culturally diverse societies, one of the biggest questions on our minds is 'how shall we all live together?' Mutual Intercultural Relations offers an answer to this fundamental and topical issue. By exploring intercultural relationships between dominant/national and non-dominant/ethnic populations in seventeen societies around the world, the authors are each able to chart the respective views of those populations and generate 'universal' principles of intercultural relations. The research reported in this book is guided by three psychological hypotheses which are evaluated by empirical research. It was also carried out comparatively in order to gain knowledge about intercultural relations that may be general and not limited to a few social and political contexts. Understanding these general principles will offer help in the development of public policies and programmes designed to improve the quality of intercultural relations in culturally diverse societies around the world.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 28th International Conference on Data Analytics and Management in Data Intensive Domains, DAMDID/RCDL 2016, held in Ershovo, Moscow, Russia, in October 2016.

The 16 revised full papers presented together with one invited talk and two keynote papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 57 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on semantic modeling in data intensive domains; knowledge and learning management; text mining; data infrastructures in astrophysics; data analysis; research infrastructures; position paper.

This book is a doctoral dissertation. It is devoted to technology transfer from the West (primarily from Finland) to the Soviet forestry industry during a period of rapid modernization under the rule of Nikita Khrushchev during the 1950s and 1960s.This dissertation examines the role that technology transfer from the other side of the Iron Curtain played in Soviet modernization from 1955 to 1964. How did technical cooperation with a Western country develop in the context of the Cold War? How and in what forms did Soviet institutions and engineers transfer technologies? How did they deal with more advanced machinery and new expertise? How did they apply the new technologies and how did Soviet domestic research develop? Did these technologies help renew machinery, launch new production and enhance the development of the industry, as expected? If not, why? And, in general, did these foreign technologies lead to technological modernization? In answering these questions, the dissertation sometimes refers to previous periods in order to trace continuities and change. 

The book is designed to provide assistance to economics students (CEFR correlation: B2-C1) in studying English for Specfic Purposes (ESP) and arouse their interest in global economic problems.  Authentic texts  on  economic conditions of selected OECD member-countries  alongside  Brazil, China, India, Mongolia  are aimed at developing reading, writing, speaking, lexical  and critical thinking skills through a variety of exercises.

The book is a result of the first ever study of the transformations of the higher education institutional landscape in fifteen former USSR countries after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. It explores how the single Soviet model that developed across the vast and diverse territory of the Soviet Union over several decades has evolved into fifteen unique national systems, systems that have responded to national and global developments while still bearing some traces of the past. The book is distinctive as it presents a comprehensive analysis of the reforms and transformations in the region in the last 25 years; and it focuses on institutional landscape through the evolution of the institutional types established and developed in Pre-Soviet, Soviet and Post-Soviet time. It also embraces all fifteen countries of the former USSR, and provides a comparative analysis of transformations of institutional landscape across Post-Soviet systems. It will be highly relevant for students and researchers in the fields of higher education and and sociology, particularly those with an interest in historical and comparative studies.

What many anthropologists regard as the major step in political development occurred when, for the first time in history, previously autonomous villages gave up their individual sovereignties and were brought together into a multi-village political unit--the chiefdom. Though long neglected as a major stage in history, recent years have seen the chiefdom come in for increased attention. As its importance has been more fully recognized, it has become the object of serious scholarly analysis and interpretation. In this volume specialists in political evolution draw on data from ethnography, archaeology, and history and apply fresh insights to enhance the study of the chiefdom. The papers present penetrating analyses of many aspects of the chiefdom, from how this form of political organization first arose to the role it played in giving rise to the next major stage in the development of human society - the state.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Application and Theory of Petri Nets and Concurrency, PETRI NETS 2017, held in Zaragoza, Spain, in June 2017. Petri Nets 2017 is co-located with the Application of Concurrency to System Design Conference, ACSD 2017.

The 16 papers, 9 theory papers, 4 application papers, and 3 tool papers, with 1 short abstract and 3 extended abstracts of invited talks presented together in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 33 submissions. The focus of the conference is on following topics: Simulation of Colored Petri Nets, Petri Net Tools.- Model Checking,  Liveness and Opacity,  Stochastic Petri Nets,  Specific Net Classes, and  Petri Nets for Pathways.

The Conference reflects the modern state of innovation in education, science, industry and social-economic sphere, from the standpoint of introducing new information technologies. It is interesting for a wide range of researchers, teachers, graduate students and professionals in the field of innovation and information technologies.

When the Iron Curtain lifted in 1989 it was seen by some as proof of the final demise of the ideas and aspirations of the radical left. Not many years passed, however, before the critique of capitalism and social inequalities were once again the main protest themes of social movements. This book provides an account of radical left movements in today’s Europe and how they are trying to accomplish social and political change. The book’s various chapters focus on social movement organizations, activist groups, and networks that are rooted in the left-wing ideologies of anarchism, Marxism, socialism, and communism in both newly democratized post-communist and longstanding liberal-democratic polities. The questions addressed include: How are radical left movements influenced by the political and social contexts in which they are situated? How do they interact with other political actors? How does contemporary radical left activism differ from “new” and “old” social movements on the one hand, and radical left parliamentary parties on the other? And what does it mean to be ”radical left” in liberal-democratic (or semi-democratic, or even semi-authoritarian), capitalist European societies today after the fall of state socialism.

After decades of dominant Marxism-Leninism, the post-Soviet Russian political space offers a multiplicity of discourses associated with the contemprary state and its various organs - such as the party, the presidential administration, the burocracies and media - or with the different places of ideological production revealing plurality and fluidity within Russian political languages and evoking many of the neo-conservativist ideological constructs promoted by the Kremlin. The apparent demise of Russian notions of Liberalism, its polymorphism, the influence of the Soviet experience, perestroika, the effects of the turbulent 1990s, in addiction to the effect of Western thought and foreign policies on Russia's liberal ideas and expectations, determine the role of the remaining institutions and actors that promote political , economic, and constitutional liberalism and manifest an alternative discourse that, although weakened, is still credible.

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the properties of the statistical characteristics within the framework of the development of the foundations of complex-valued economy. The methodology of the latter is based on using complex variables in econometric models instead of real ones. The research is based on the results of the previous works where the leastsquares method was adapted for the purposes of complex-valued economy and the complex coefficient of pair correlation was derived. In this paper the authors substantiate the use of complex form of such statistical characteristics as the correlation moment, dispersion and standard deviation in complex variable econometrics. The properties of complex dispersion and standard deviation are figured out. Usage of complex dispersion and its characteristics in practice is demonstrated on the example of a complex variable, consisting of two real variables - the world oil price and the world price for gas. The econometric models with complex variables help to describe the economic processes better. Calculation of complex statistical characteristics is an essential procedure in the construction of such models. 

Why do coups d’état happen? Although many studies have investigated this question, they pay relatively little attention to the international causes and ramifications of coups. Especially, empirical studies on the external determinants of coup risk and outcomes still remain limited. There are two current lines of research in this direction. The first line studies international linkages and coup risk, looking at the external determinants of coups: regional spillover effects, foreign linkage, and foreign leverage. A promising angle on this front is focusing on the role of post-coup reactions from international actors to illuminate how coup plotters shape their incentives under outside pressure. The second line of research investigates interstate conflict and coup risk, considering diversionary behavior and external threats as potential coup-proofing strategies. In this effort, studying the relationship between external threat environment and coup risk can be fruitful, whereas empirical tests of the classical diversionary war theory will yield relatively marginal contributions.

Currently, three issues stand out in the empirical coup literature that should be further addressed by scholars. First is the need for more extensive and systematic data collection efforts to obtain detailed information about the identities, targets, and motives of coup perpetrators. Second, the external sources of leader insecurity beyond interstate conflicts remain an underexplored area. Third, although many studies have tried to determine when coup attempts happen, scholarly knowledge of when and how they succeed remains very limited. More work is needed to uncover the determinants of coup success across different regimes and leader survival scenarios.

We study a multidimensional hyperbolic quasi-gasdynamic (HQGD) system of equations containing terms with a regularizing parameter $\tau>0$ and 2nd order space and time derivatives; the body force is taken into account. We transform it to the form close to the compressible Navier-Stokes system of equations. Then we derive the entropy balance equation and show that the entropy production is like for the latter system plus a term of the order $O(\tau^2)$. We analyze an equation for the total entropy as well. We also show that the corresponding residuals in the HQGD equations with respect to the compressible Navier-Stokes ones are of the order $O(\tau^2)$ too. Finally we treat the simplified barotropic HQGD system of equations with the general state equation and the stationary potential body force and obtain the corresponding results for it.

Prior research on market timing theory in relation to developing markets only analyzes equity issuance and provides contradictory results. Using a sample of large Russian companies in nonfinancial sectors between 2008 and 2015, this paper analyzes both equity and debt market timing to explore the impact of market timing on firms’ capital structure. To test the robustness of the results, we use several proxies for both timing types and include Russian-specific control variables of corporate governance and ownership. The results show that Russian companies time the debt market to attract extra capital if the value of the interest rate in the current period is lower than the rates in previous periods. The net debt issued decreases when interest rates are high, which indicates debt market timing. Consistent with previous studies, we find that Russian companies do not time the equity market. Added corporate governance factors suggest that younger boards of directors prefer debt financing to equity issuance, as well as more experienced ones. State ownership is negatively connected with leverage.

To describe virus evolution, it is necessary to define a fitness landscape. In this article, we consider the microscopic models with the advanced version of neutral network fitness landscapes. In this problem setting, we suppose a fitness difference between one-point mutation neighbors to be small. We construct a modification of the Wright–Fisher model, which is related to ordinary infinite population models with nearly neutral network fitness landscape at the large population limit. From the microscopic models in the realistic sequence space, we derive two versions of nearly neutral network models: with sinks and without sinks. We claim that the suggested model describes the evolutionary dynamics of RNA viruses better than the traditional Wright–Fisher model with few sequences.

 

 

Theoretical results of curing antennas made of composite materials using electromagnetic field of super high frequencies as a source of heat energy are presented. The advantages of microwave heat treatment of the antenna made of carbon fiber with epoxy binder in comparison with traditional methods are presented. Results of theoretical studies on the accelerated curing of antennas made of composite materials in microwave radiation type installation in the periodic mode are presented.

A radial type setup for the polymerization of antennas made of composite materials with a diameter of 1200mm, a thickness of 3mm at a temperature of +180°with the electromagnetic field frequency oscillations of 2450MHz and a power output of 4.8kW was developed. A set allows to reduce the energy consumption for the technological process of accelerated curing of an antenna made of composite material, increase productivity and improve working conditions of staff.

The essential expressions and calculation results of the temperature distribution along the thickness of the antenna made of composite material are presented. The heating duration of the antenna from the temperature of +20°C to a temperature of +200°C, weight 5,4kg, is 160 seconds. The temperature deviation from the nominal value of the temperature on the surface of the antenna is absent, and through the thickness of the antenna does not exceed 2°C.

As a result, the research shows the prospects of using microwave radiation for the production processes associated with accelerated curing of parabolic antennas made of composite materials. Currently work is underway to study the strength characteristics of polymer antennas, assuming that the uniform heating of the antenna leads to the absence of internal stresses and other defects of the material structure of the antenna.

Studying the heterogeneity of consumers allows to price the product differently for consumer segments or groups of a product. In this paper we estimate a model of aggregate demand for Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre focusing on the heterogeneity in price effect on demand for tickets on different performances and seats. We estimate parameters of demand function using censored quantile regression that accounts for the limited capacity of the theatre house. We reveal the price effect variation across different types of theatrical productions and seats with lower elastic demand on ballets and for seats of higher quality.

We consider a natural generalization to the class of all GLP-algebras of the so-called reduction property for the polymodal provability algebras in arithmetic. An analogue of this property is established for the free GLP-algebras and for some topological GLP-algebras (GLP-spaces).

The article explores the role of accounting and reforms of financial management practices in 18th century Russian state administration and finance combining historical and comparative levels of analysis.

This paper is devoted to mathematical modelling of the progression and stages of breast cancer. The Consolidated mathematical growth Model of primary tumor (PT) and secondary distant metastases (MTS) in patients with lymph nodes MTS (Stage III) (CoM-III) is proposed as a new research tool. The CoM-III rests on an exponential tumor growth model and consists of a system of determinate nonlinear and linear equations. The CoM-III describes correctly primary tumor growth (parameter T) and distant metastases growth (parameter M, parameter N). The CoM-III model and predictive software: a) detect di erent growth periods of primary tumor and distant metastases in patients with lymph nodes MTS; b) make forecast of the period of the distant metastases appearance in patients with lymph nodes MTS; c) have higher average prediction accuracy than the other tools; d) can improve forecasts on survival of breast cancer and facilitate optimisation of diagnostic tests. The CoM-III enables us, for the rst time, to predict the whole natural history of PT and secondary distant MTS growth of patients with/without lymph nodes MTS on each stage relying only on PT sizes.

In the later decade Russia continued progress in terms of economic growth and lowering poverty. Yet Russia was much less successful in reducing inequality which skyrocketed after the market liberalization reforms in the early 1990s. Currently inequality in Russia has stabilized at the level which is significantly above the OECD average: the average Gini coefficient for the OECD countries in 2014 was 0.318, while it was 0.416 in Russia. Current macroeconomic environment with continuous recession, which started in 2014 and massive terms of trade shock due to collapse of oil prices, threatens to reverse Russia’s substantial achievements in terms of raising incomes of the population and reducing poverty. This chapter aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of income and wealth inequality in Russia and the impact of the current crisis. The focus throughout the chapter is on the national distribution of income and wealth. In market economies income and wealth serve as good predictors of well-being in other domains, such as social inclusion, education, health, etc.

Strictly positive logics recently attracted attention both in the description logic and in the provability logic communities for their combination of efficiency and sufficient expressivity. The language of Reflection Calculus RC consists of implications between formulas built up from propositional variables and the constant ‘true’ using only conjunction and the diamond modalities which are interpreted in Peano arithmetic as restricted uniform reflection principles.

We extend the language of RCRC by another series of modalities representing the operators associating with a given arithmetical theory T its fragment axiomatized by all theorems of T of arithmetical complexity Π0nΠn0, for all n>0n>0. We note that such operators, in a precise sense, cannot be represented in the full language of modal logic.

We formulate a formal system extending RCRC that is sound and, as we conjecture, complete under this interpretation. We show that in this system one is able to express iterations of reflection principles up to any ordinal <ε0<ε0. On the other hand, we provide normal forms for its variable-free fragment. Thereby, the variable-free fragment is shown to be algorithmically decidable and complete w.r.t. its natural arithmetical semantics.

Tha chapter analyses contract of employment: basic definition, formal requirements, effects of invalidity of contract; basic definition of the employment relationship;  basic definitions of employee and employer; establishment of sub-types of employees; establishment of specific group of ‘workers’ ; criteria and indicators of economic depemdenace and subordination and other criterias of employee in Russian albour law.

This article analyses the situation of migrants in modern Russia, by the example of a sociological research conducted in 5 cities of the Privolzhsky Federal district. Identifies the main difficulties of adaptation of migrants to their host by the Russian society and possible ways of solving their problems. Shown to meet some of the myths about migrant workers and their real importance for the Russian economy and demographics. Considered foreign experience and to evaluate its positive and negative aspects in the formulation of state migration policy of Russia.

This paper presents the results of our experiments on building a general coreference resolution system for Russian. The main aim of those experiments was to set a baseline for this task for Russian using the standard set of features developed and tested for coreference resolution systems created for other languages. We propose several baseline systems, both rule-based and ML-based. We show that adding some semantic information is crucial for the task and even the small amount of data can improve the overall result. We show that different types of semantic resources affect the performance differently and sometimes more does not imply better.

Exploring Bass’ Triangulability Problem on unipotent algebraic subgroups of the affine Cremona groups, we prove a triangulability criterion, the existence of nontriangulable connected solvable affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups, and stable triangulability of such subgroups; in particular, in the stable range we answer Bass’ Triangulability Problem in the affirmative. To this end we prove a theorem on invariant subfields of 1-extensions. We also obtain a general construction of all rationally triangulable subgroups of the Cremona groups and, as an application, classify rationally triangulable connected one-dimensional unipotent affine algebraic subgroups of the Cremona groups up to conjugacy.

In this paper we apply network analysis to the study of literature. At the first stage of our investigation we automatically extract networks (graphs) of characters for each part of Leo Tolstoy’s novel War and peace using two different techniques for network creation. Then we evaluate these two techniques against a set of manually created gold standard networks. Finally, we use the method that demonstrated better performance in our evaluation to test a literary hypothesis about Tolstoy’s novel. The hypotheses we intended to prove was that the parts of the novel describing war (i.e. those where the battlefield or military units are the primary settings), have statistically lower density of interaction between characters, resulting in lower network density, higher network diameters and lesser average node degrees. By showing this correlation we mean to demonstrate the applicability of network analysis to computational research of fictional narrative (e.g. detection of tension changes in the plot).

Parents and teachers often express concern about the extensive use of social media by youngsters. Some of them see emoticons, undecipherable initialisms and loose grammar typical for social media as evidence of language degradation. In this paper, we use a simple measure of text complexity to investigate how the complexity of public posts on a popular social networking site changes over time. We analyze a unique dataset that contains texts posted by 942, 336 users from a large European city across nine years. We show that the chosen complexity measure is correlated with the academic performance of users: users from high-performing schools produce more complex texts than users from low-performing schools. We also find that complexity of posts increases with age. Finally, we demonstrate that overall language complexity of posts on the social networking site is constantly increasing. We call this phenomenon the digital Flynn effect. Our results may suggest that the worries about language degradation are not warranted.

 We illustrate the generative power of the lifting property (orthogonality of morphisms in a category) as means of defining natural elementary mathematical concepts by giving a number of examples in various categories, in particular showing that many standard elementary notions of abstract topology can be defined by applying the lifting property to simple morphisms of finite topological spaces. Examples in topology include the notions of: compact, discrete, connected, and totally disconnected spaces, dense image, induced topology, and separation axioms. Examples in algebra include: finite groups being nilpotent, solvable, torsion-free, p-groups, and prime-to-p groups; injective and projective modules; injective, surjective, and split homomorphisms. We include some speculations on the wider significance of this.

We reformulate the statement of the Feit-Thompson theorem in terms of diagrams in the category of finite groups, namely iterations of the Quillen lifting property with respect to particular morphisms.

The work is devoted to the analysis of entrepreneurial activities. The main purpose of paper is to better understand the institutional impact on entrepreneurship and business survival. Were used data from GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor) for 98 countries throughout 1999-2016 as dependent variables such as total entrepreneurial activity (TEA), established business ownership (EBO), and early-stage business survival rate (EBO/TEA). As explanatory variables characterizing institutional environment we used the rule of law and control of corruption.The results show positive relationships between rule of law and early-stage business survival, and between control of corruption and early-stage business survival rate. Also the rule of law positively influence on level EBO. However, there was no evidence that rule of law and control of corruption are important for the total entrepreneurial activity.

In the seminal work "Pomset logic: A noncommutative extension of classical linear logic" Retor\'e introduced Pomset logic, an extension of linear logic with a self-dual noncommutative connective. Pomset logic is defined by means of proof-nets, later a deep inference system BV was designed for this extension, but equivalence of system has not been proven up to now. As for a sequent calculus formulation, it has not been known for either of these logics, and there are convincing arguments that such a sequent calculus in the usual sense simply does not exist for them.  In an on-going work on semantics we discovered a system similar to Pomset logic, where a noncommutative connective is no longer self-dual. Pomset logic appears as a degeneration, when the class of models is restricted. This will be shown in a forthcoming paper.  Motivated by these semantic considerations, in the current work we define a semicommutative multiplicative linear logic, which is multiplicative linear logic extended with two nonisomorphic noncommutative connectives (not to be confused with very different Abrusci-Ruet noncommutative logic). We develop a syntax of proof-nets and show how this logic degenerates to Pomset logic.  However, a more important problem than just finding yet another noncommutative logic is finding a sequent calculus for this logic. We introduce decorated sequents, which are sequents equipped with an extra structure of a binary relation of reachability on formulas. We define a decorated sequent calculus for semicommutative logic and prove that it is cut-free, sound and complete. This is adapted to "degenerate" variations, including Pomset logic. Thus, in particular, we give a (sort of) sequent calculus formulation for Pomset logic, which is one of the key results of the paper.

We obtain new uniform bounds for the symmetric tensor rank of multiplication in finite extensions of any finite field Fp or Fp2 where p denotes a prime number greater or equal than 5. In this aim, we use the symmetric Chudnovsky-type generalized algorithm applied on sufficiently dense families of modular curves defined over Fp2 attaining the Drinfeld-Vladuts bound and on the descent of these families to the definition field Fp. These families are obtained thanks to prime number density theorems of type Hoheisel, in particular a result due to Dudek (2016).

We consider multi-variable reductions of the dispersionless DKP hierarchy (the dispersionless limit of the Pfaff lattice) in the elliptic parametrization. The reduction is given by a system of elliptic Loewner equations supplemented by a system of partial differential equations of hydrodynamic type. The compatibility conditions for the elliptic Loewner equations are derived. They are elliptic analogues of the Gibbons-Tsarev equations. We prove solvability of the hydrodynamic type system by means of the generalized hodograph method. The associated diagonal metric is proved to be of the Egorov type.

Human genetic variability is thought to account for a substantial fraction of individual biochemical characteristics — in biomedical sense, of individual drug response. However, only a handful of human genetic variants have been linked to medication outcomes. Here, we combine data on drug-protein interactions and human genome sequences to assess the impact of human variation on their binding affinity. Using data from the complexes of FDA-drugs and drug-like compounds, we predict SNPs substantially affecting the protein-ligand binding affinities. We estimate that an average individual carries ~6 SNPs affecting ~5 different FDA-approved drugs from among all of the approved compounds. SNPs affecting drug-protein binding affinity have low frequency in the population indicating that the genetic component for many ADEs may be highly personalized with each individual carrying a unique set of relevant SNPs. The reduction of ADEs, therefore, may primarily rely on the application of computational genome analysis in the clinic rather than the experimental study of common SNPs.

Economic crises are expected to erode domestic political support for the existing regime. However, in comparison with democracies, autocracies enjoy more of a leeway responding to economic downturns due to their ability to strengthen their clientelist ties and increase the level of repression (’the tragic brilliance’). Since 2013, the Russian economy has been undergoing a deep and protracted recession, which was further aggravated by the annexation of Crimea and the subsequent imposition of international sanctions. The latter slashed the purchasing capacity and disposable income of the Russian citizens by half. At the same time, the annexation of Crimea provided the regime with a significant boost in popularity. The latter consolidated the citizens and reinvigorated the feeling of national pride. Taking into consideration these two contradictory tendencies – economic downturn and patriotic consolidation – is there evidence of Russian citizens willing to punish the incumbent authorities for the economic crisis? Does the ’the rally around the flag’ help the incumbent in the times of economic crisis? We carried out a survey experiment on the eve of the State Duma elections in August 2016 to scrutinize the causal effects of perception of crisis and patriotic uprising on political blame attribution. First, we find the priming effect of question about Crimea: those who were exposed to this question evaluate the president more favorably, but this tendency does not extend to their assessment of the State Duma and the government. Those exposed to the question about the economic crisis, reveal a more critical assessment of the State Duma and the government, while the president’s approval remains unchanged. The State Duma does not benefit from ’the rally ‘round the flag’, while the president is not punished for the crisis. Second, when we compare the mediation effect of the rally ‘round the flag under economic crisis with the economic crisis alone, we find that the presidential support increases while those of the State Duma and the government decreases. In the opposite case, when economic crisis intervenes with patriotic fervor - the president’s support is not affected, while the Duma and the government do not seem to benefit.

We study bipartite maps on the plane with one infinite face and one face of perimeter 2. At first we consider the problem of their enumeration and then the connection between the combinatorial structure of a map and the degree of its definition field. The second problem is considered when the number of edges is p+1, where p is a prime.  

In the urban economics, the distribution of people and real estate prices depends on the location of the central business district. As distance from the city center increases, both prices and population density diminish, for travel costs increase in terms of time and money. As manufacturing gradually leaves the cities, the importance of consumer amenities as attractors of population to the urban areas increases. The role of the business center is being taken over by the consumer center. This paper identifies the location of the consumer center of St. Petersburg - the second largest city in Russia and its former capital. For this purpose using data from open sources on the Internet regarding the location of different types of urban amenities, the indices of their spatial density are computed. Using weights based on coefficients of spatial variation and surveys, the individual indices are aggregated to two general centrality indices. Their unique maxima correspond to the city center of St. Petersburg, which is located on Nevsky prospekt, between Fontanka river and Liteinyi prospekt.

This paper investigates the issue of food security as the basis for stable economic development using the example of North Africa. A statistical analysis of economic and financial factors in relation to the determinants of food security was carried out using a panel cointegrating model based on official international statistics of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Bank for 1991-2014. According to the results, population growth and the intensification of agricultural production, foreign trade and foreign direct investment play a crucial role in food security. The study revealed the relationship between food security and the development of the banking and financial systems in the region, and their degree of globalization. The strategy of a long-term investment policy pursued by the World Bank and FAO to combat hunger and poverty was justified. The methodology proposed can be used to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of policies to maintain food security in the regions of Africa.

Overconfidence seems to be an essential aspect of human nature, and one way to study overconfidence is to consider students’ forecasts of their exam grades. Part of a student’s grade expectation is based on the student’s previous academic achievements; what remains can be interpreted as (over)confidence. In this paper we study overconfidence using a sample of about five hundred second-year undergraduate students enrolled in a statistics course in Moscow. The course contains three exams and each student produces a forecast for each of the three exams. Students’ expectations are not rational and most of students are overconfident, which is in agreement with what most people find. Less obvious findings are that overconfidence is helpful: given the same academic achievement students with larger confi- dence get higher exam grades. Female students are less overconfident than male students, their forecasts are more rational, and they are also faster learners in the sense that they adjust their expectations more rapidly.

The paper examines the changes in the physician’s motivation at work during the period of reforms the salary system started since 2008. These reforms have included a shift from fixed salary system to pay for performance remuneration as well as sufficient increase of salary. The data of six surveys of health workers implemented in 2007-2016 were used to reveal the hierarchy of physician’s motives at work and to track their changes during the period of time under consideration. The changes were minor, and the directions of these changes were rather opposite to the expected strengthening of financial motivation at work: the importance of the motive of earning money has moved from the first place. The share of doctors willing to work more and better on the condition of linking salary with labor contribution did not increase. In contrast, almost two-thirds of physicians believe that they are working on a high level of quality and performance. The majority of physicians desire to increase not a stimulating part of the salary but a base, fixed one. Doctors who receive bonuses for the intensity, quality and performance, and who have a higher amount of salary wish to see the share of fixed part of salary higher than it is now available. This is a clear indication of orientation of this professional to strengthening the protective function of the salary rather than to use increased opportunities for earning money.

We prove that every rational trinomial affine hypersurface admits a horizontal polynomial curve. This result provides an explicit non-trivial polynomial solution to a trinomial equation. Also we show that a trinomial affine hypersurface admits a Schwartz-Halphen curve if and only if the trinomial comes from a platonic triple. It is a generalization of Schwartz-Halphen's Theorem for Pham-Brieskorn surfaces.

We explicitly construct pairs of elliptic curves defined over the algebraic numbers with large intersection of projective torsion points.

It is known that the moduli space of smooth Fano-Mukai fourfolds V 18 of genus 10 has dimension one. We show that any such fourfold is a completion of C 4 in two different ways. Up to isomorphism, there is a unique fourfold V s 18 acted upon by SL 2 ( C ). The group Aut( V s 18 ) is a semidirect product GL 2 ( C ) o ( Z / 2 Z ). Furthermore, V s 18 is a GL 2 ( C )-equivariant completion of C 4 , and as well of GL 2 ( C ). The restriction of the GL 2 ( C )-action on V s 18 to C 4 ↪ → V s 18 yields a faithful representation with an open orbit. There is also a unique, up to isomorphism, fourfold V a 18 such that the group Aut( V a 18 ) is a semidirect product ( G a × G m ) o ( Z / 2 Z ). For a Fano-Mukai fourfold V 18 neither isomorphic to V s 18 , nor to V a 18 , one has Aut 0 ( V 18 ) ∼ = ( G m ) 2 , and Aut( V 18 ) is a semidirect product of Aut 0 ( V 18 ) and a finite cyclic group whose order is a factor of 6.

This study estimates an attendance demand model in a reduced form, with uncertainty as one of the determinants of demand, to test the Uncertainty of Outcome Hypothesis (UOH), using data from the Russian Football Premier League (RFPL). These data fit our requirements for two reasons. First, there are few sellout matches, so demand for tickets in the RFPL is not restricted by stadium capacity. Secondly, there have hitherto been no articles devoted to the study of outcome uncertainty in the RFPL. The results indicate that the UOH does not explain the behavioural pattern of attendees in the RFPL. The dependence between the attendance and uncertainty is found to be U-shaped or even declining. We explain the U-shaped dependence by the visiting team effect; an attendee’s utility in the RFPL depends more on seeing a top team coming to the city than on the uncertainty of the outcome of the match.