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"Допустим, должен ли мужчина быть нежным?": модели маскулинности среди молодых евангельских христиан Санкт-Петербурга
The article raises the issue of models of masculinity supported by young evangelical Christians in St. Petersburg. The relevance of the problem is determined, on the one hand, by the context of the alternative religious identity of this Protestant denomination in the post-Soviet space, and, on the other hand, by the involvement of young evangelicals in the global contexts of changing gender norms. As part of their gender identity, young evangelicals may construct images of masculinity that are different from secular hegemonic models. An analysis of the subjective meanings that young evangelicals attach to the understanding of masculinity makes it possible to reveal the question of the ideals of masculinity produced among them. The empirical basis for analysis within the framework of a qualitative sociological paradigm was twenty semi-structured interviews with young evangelical Christians in St. Petersburg belonging to the new movements of Pentecostals, Charismatics and Baptists. As a result, three models of masculinity were identified that embody the heterogeneity of ideas about masculinity among young evangelicals – ‘hybrid Christian masculinity,’ ‘conservative Christian masculinity’ and ‘egalitarian Christian masculinity.’ The common elements of these models are heteronormativity, maintenance of the gender binary and an essentialist understanding of the categories of sex and gender. The distinctive features of these models are expressed in those personal qualities that are valuable and important for their understanding of masculinity - the value of empathy and emotionality, inclusion in the family sphere and home life. Moreover, all models of masculinity are produced in close connection with a position of power over femininity. Chosen models of masculinity can be classified as forms of hybrid masculinity, which is characterized by a combination of elements of the gender hierarchy with features that are non-conventional for the hegemonic model of masculinity.