The evolution of identity politics in Bangladesh: historical roots, contemporary challenges, and implications for civil society

Tomsk State University Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and Political Science. 2026. No. 89. P. 198–205.

Kundu S.

This study investigates the evolution of identity politics in Bangladesh, tracing its origins from colonial legacies to contemporary challenges under the lens of neocolonialism theory. It examines how religious, ethnic, and linguistic identities have shaped political dynamics, fostering both mobilization and societal division. The research highlights historical roots, including British divide-and-rule policies and the 1947 partition, which entrenched communal tensions, and modern dynamics such as the Rohingya crisis and Chittagong Hill Tracts conflicts, exacerbated by neocolonial economic dependencies. Drawing on interviews with students from various universities, it assesses the impact on civil society and democracy, revealing how global influences fragment advocacy efforts and enable authoritarian practices like the Digital Security Act. The study proposes strategies – implementing the 1997 Peace Accord, reforming media, and promoting interfaith dialogue – to mitigate tensions and foster inclusive governance. By analyzing these issues, it offers insights into resisting neocolonial domination, strengthening democratic resilience, and addressing identity-driven politics in postcolonial contexts, with broader implications for global governance.

Keywords: civil society, global governance, identity politics, Bangladesh, neocolonialism