Базовая социальная инфраструктура в населенных пунктах России и динамика численности их населения

Социологические исследования. 2025. № 5. С. 109–124.

Karachurina L. B., Mkrtchyan N. V.

Receiving education and healthcare services is a basic need of the population, therefore, providing the population with access to social infrastructure institutions (various types of schools, preschool institutions, hospitals, rural outpatient clinics) is an important task of regional and municipal authorities. If by “access” we mean “the availability of social infrastructure at the place of residence”, then problems with it can be observed in small populated settlements (NS?) of Russia. The presented study analyzes how settlements of different sizes are provided with certain types of institutions; what are the shares of the population who have and do not have the opportunity to receive these services in their settlements. 16.7 thousand settlements in Russia are analyzed, representing 226 municipalities in 79 regions of the country. Their population is estimated based on data from the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2010 and 2021. The database of educational and healthcare institutions was formed on the basis of open Internet sources and verified using GIS. According to calculations, secondary schools were in 13.7% of settlements, basic schools – in 5.3%, primary schools – in 1%, kindergartens – in 13.1%. Healthcare institutions of various types are more widely represented, they are in 32.4% of settlements. Despite the low indicators of provision of settlements with social infrastructure institutions, the concentration of the population in larger settlements contributes to the fact that the provision of the population “at the place of residence” with them is significantly higher. In 2021, 90.9% of the population of the selected municipalities lived in settlements with a secondary or basic school. In settlements provided with at least a rural outpatient clinic, 93.4% of the population.

Keywords: school, малые города, школа, сельская местность, социальная инфраструктура, динамика численности населения, больница, ФАП, small towns, population dynamics, rural areas, social infrastructure, hospital, medical office

Publication based on the results of: Взаимосвязь динамики численности населения и наличия объектов социальной инфраструктуры в малых городах и сельских населенных пунктах России (2025)