Trust in Artificial Intelligence: Regulatory Challenges and Prospects

Legal Issues in the Digital Age. 2025. Vol. 6. No. 2. P. 69–86.

Vashurina S.

In recent years, there has been a rapid introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) systems into various areas of public life, including medicine, the judicial system, government administration, and other significant fields. Despite numerous advantages of these technologies, their widespread use raises serious questions about the level of public trust in AI. This article is devoted to analyzing key factors that determine insufficient levels of public trust in artificial intelligence, as well as discussing possible strategies for strengthening it. To gain a deeper understanding of the causes of distrust, the author refers to historical context, sociological research results, and legal precedents. Particular attention is paid to issues of safety in applying AI, its visibility, and responsibility for decision-making. Current models of legal regulation in this area are also examined, including the development of universal regulatory frameworks, the formation of experimental legal regimes, and industry self-regulation mechanisms. A crucial factor in this process should be interdisciplinary collaboration and adaptation of the existing legal system to rapid technological changes. Only such an approach will ensure balanced development and application of AI, meeting the interests of all stakeholders, from developers to end-users. For a more comprehensive disclosure of the research topic, general scientific methods such as analysis, synthesis, and systematization, as well as specific legal methods like comparative law and historical law, are planned to be used. Analyzing the obtained data, the author makes several conclusions on the need for a comprehensive approach to increasing public trust in AI. As a hypothesis based on the conducted study, the following is proposed: Trust in AI is a cornerstone issue for creating effective normative legal regulations for developing and using AI systems in different spheres. The author believes that by establishing regulatory conditions under which AI will be (1) visible, (2) safe and reliable, (3) controlled by humans, the state can ensure effective human-technology interaction, allowing the implementation of AI systems even in critical infrastructure affecting life, health, fundamental rights, and citizens' interests.

Ключевые слова: искусственный интеллект, experimental legal regimes, artificial intelligence, экспериментальный правовой режим, Trust in Artificial Intelligence, Transparency of AI, Visibility of AI, Safety of AI, Reliability of AI, Responsibility for AI Decisions, Legal Regulation Model of AI, Self-Regulation of AI, доверие к искусственному интеллекту, прозрачность ИИ, видимость ИИ, безопасность ИИ, надежность ИИ, ответственность за решения ИИ, модель правового регулирования ИИ, саморегулирование ИИ