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«Нужные знакомства»: особенности социальной организации в условиях институциональных дефицитов
The issue of "informal relationships" (corruption, acquaintances, shadow relations, etc.) is viewed in the context of the totalitarian system collapse and blocking social differentiation. The majority of population keeps up paternalistic attitudes towards the state realizing at the same time actual non-effectiveness of the state system of management and social security. While condemning bribes and "blat", the prevailing share of respondents consider them as the only effective means of solving their life problems to the extent they go out of the limits of routine social roles and relationships (health service, higher education, getting dwelling or good job, relieving of the military service, etc.). The potential of social solidarity and organization, as well as the activity of public social institutions and political parties, other forms of civil society are assessed extremely lowly by population: they are rarely addressed to (though a great number of respondents are aware of them) and rarely bring about the necessary results. The so-called "non-formal relations" turn out to be we]] structured in terms of roles, stably reproduced, accurately tariffed and as a rule efficacious. Actually they are aubstitute forms of social institutions.