Миграция населения в регионах Ближнего Севера России во взаимосвязи с обеспеченностью населенных пунктов социальной инфраструктурой

Известия РАН. Серия географическая. 2026. Т. 90. № 1. С. 231–245.

Mkrtchyan N. V.

Objective of the study is to assess the provision of all settlements in four regions of the Russian Near
North (Vologda, Kostroma, Kirov, and Yaroslavl oblasts) with social infrastructure facilities and to
analyze whether the migration balance of settlements is associated with varying levels of provision of
these facilities. The study is based on data collected from open sources on the availability of educational
and healthcare institutions in all settlements as of mid-2024. The analysis also utilized information on
population size from the All-Russian Population Censuses of 2010 and 2020, as well as depersonalized
individual data on internal migration for 2011–2020 across all settlements in these regions. The provision
of settlements with different types of social infrastructure was assessed depending on their administrative
status (district centers, rural settlement centers, former rural settlement centers) and population size.
Based on the provision with different types of social infrastructure facilities, net migration (gain or
loss) was calculated by migration type for groups of settlements, including detailed age groups. Using
descriptive analysis methods, the relationships between migration and the presence of various social
infrastructure facilities, as well as the overall provision of residents with these facilities in their settlement,
were examined. A relationship was traced between the migration of people in the youngest working ages
(youth at school-leaving age, families with children) and the presence of schools. At the same time,
no visible relationship with the presence of healthcare facilities was identified. Settlements located in
the suburbs of large cities and even district centers deviate from the general patterns, as their residents
primarily use social infrastructure not in their own settlements.

Keywords: migration, крупные города, миграция населения, социальная инфраструктура, населенные пункты, settlements, Near North, large cities, social infrastructure, Ближний Север, administrative centers, административные центры