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Феномен деструктивной трансформации демократического правления в неоавторитарное
The article analyzes the phenomenon of destructive transformation of democratic governance into neo-authoritarianism in the context of post-industrial civilizational transition, a process that levels the rigid, hierarchically centralized structure of interaction between actors in the global political arena. This transformation is a political process that goes through two consecutive stages: authoritarian diffusion and authoritarian rollback.
Authoritarian diffusion is seen as the process of introducing individual authoritarian orders, practices, and technologies into the system of democratic governance, resulting in the destructive deformation of such a system and, ultimately, its possible replacement by a system of authoritarian governance. Authoritarian rollback begins with the transition of the state into a multitude of undemocratic states and represents the process of establishing a regime of dominant power under conditions of neo-authoritarian rule.
The initiator, main actor, and beneficiary of the process of destructive transformation of democratic governance into non-authoritarian governance is the highest political official of public authority (president or prime minister), who is also the leader of the ruling political party, which is used as an instrument for implementing such a transformation.
The phenomenon of destructive transformation is analyzed in countries undergoing authoritarian diffusion, such as Hungary, Poland, and India, taking into account manifestations of authoritarian diffusion in the United States under President Trump, as well as Turkey, which is in the stage of authoritarian rollback, and Nicaragua, where the transformation process has been completed and a personalist regime of dominant power has been established. Based on the results of the analysis, the key aspects of this process have been identified. It is shown that populism, nationalism, and ethno-religious ideological doctrines serve as the ideological and value basis for the destructive transformation of democratic rule into neo-authoritarianism.
It is assumed that the final result of the transformation — the achievement of the apogee of neo-authoritarian rule in the form of a personalist regime of dominant power — is not unambiguously predetermined and may not necessarily be realized due to the influence of not only domestic political but also foreign policy factors.