Мир демократического правления в начале XXI века

Вопросы теоретической экономики. 2026. № 1. С. 164–188.

Nisnevich Y. A.

Abstract. Th is article is devoted to the study of the world of democratic governance in the institutional paradigm.
It presents a structuring of the world of democratic governance based on religion. It is determined that Christianity
is the dominant religion, with the majority of citizens in more than 85% of the world's countries belonging to
various Christian denominations. At the same time, in the world of democratic governance, approximately 90%
of countries are secular in accordance with their constitutions. In eight countries, Christian denominations are
established as state religions. It is shown that the countries of the world with democratic governance are unevenly
distributed across geographical regions. More than three-quarters of all countries with democratic governance
are concentrated in America, Europe, and Oceania, while less than a quarter of such countries are located in Asia
and Africa. Th e results of the analysis show that in ~70% of the world's democratic states, parliamentary forms of
government are in place, and in ~30% of such states, forms of government such as presidential, presidential-parliamentary,
and parliamentary-presidential republics are established. A typology of democratic states is presented.
It is shown that the world of democratic rule includes ~ 80% free states and ~ 20% partially free states. In twentyeight
free states, all political and state orders of polyarchic democracy are implemented at a high level. In seven
partially free states, a regime of feckless pluralism is in place, in which there is real changeability of ruling political
actors, but key problems of the state are not resolved. In six states of the world of democratic rule, there is a tendency
toward the formation of a regime of dominant power, which can lead to an authoritarian rollback and the
transformation of these states into undemocratic ones.

Keywords: мировые религии, world religions, geographical regions, географические регионы, democratic rule, regime of feckless pluralism, regime of dominant power, демократическое правление, режим бесплодного плюрализма, режим доминирующей власти