Лидерство в глобальном энергопереходе: позиция и роль Китая в технологической трансформации мировой экономики

Современная мировая экономика. 2026. Т. 4. № 1. С. 26–49.

Костюнина С. Б.

The energy transition has the potential to become an economic revolution. For countries that depend on hydrocarbon imports, the transition to low-carbon technologies has become not only a factor in energy supply, energy security, economic growth, and environmental protection, but also a factor influencing global markets. To examine this influence and assess the prospects for the modernization of the global economy, the study employs an analysis of patent activity in low-carbon technologies across countries. Patent statistics show that in previous years the Global North used to be the driving force behind the energy transition, whereas now leadership in many low-carbon technologies has shifted to China. However, an analysis of the innovations suggests that decarbonization in China is driven more by its expansionist foreign trade strategy and Global North’s growing demand for green economy products than by climate change concerns. At the same time, the political and economic centralization in China confines the country’s leadership to a number of conventional technologies in renewable energy, green construction, and electric transport, while leaving the European countries in the leading position in breakthrough low-carbon modernization technologies for industrial sectors and global market infrastructure. However, it is China who is turning the flywheel of the energy transition making the benefits of a low-carbon economy more accessible to developing countries and reshaping global markets.

Keywords: устойчивое развитие, модернизация экономики, мировая торговля, economic modernization, decarbonization, декарбонизация экономики, energy transition, энергопереход, низкоуглеродные технологии, sustainable development, low-carbon technologies, China’s leadership, global trade, лидерство Китая