«Не делом, а словом»: дискурс-сетевой анализ парламентских обсуждений закона о повышении пенсионного возраста в России

Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 2024. № 2. С. 116–140.

Pomiguev I., Алексеев Д. В., Zaripov N.

The study is aimed at identify-ing discursive communities in the Rus-sian parliament and mechanisms of their formation during the consideration of initiatives that involve changing the political course. Basing on theories of legitimiza-tion and policy justification, the authors identify typical divisions in the speech-es of parliamentarians and list thematic blocks for the argumentation of their po-sitions within these divisions. Empirical-ly, the study bases on the materials from the parliamentary discussion on raising the retirement age, an initiative adopted by the Russian parliament and signed by the president in 2018. Using the method of discourse network analysis and an ap-propriate software, the authors collect-ed and analyzed data on thematic re-flecting the polarization of opinions and positions of parliamentarians on the is-sue under study. Its analysis showed that the polarization of parliamentari-ans' positions, despite the seeming ir-reconcilability, is insignificant. Both the parliamentary opposition and the ma-jority faction acted and argued their po-sition within the same thematic blocks and categories, differing only in the di-vergence (sometimes insignificant) of po-sitions (for/against) on the topics under discussion. Furthermore, the analysis of discourse networks has enabled the au-thors to assess the importance of parlia-mentary proceedings in reviewing legis-lative proposals and shaping the debate, as well as the influence of internal parlia-mentary institutions on the positions ex-pressed by parliamentarians. Thus, the authors found that words spoken pub-licly in parliament might more accurate-ly determine a speaker's political posi-tion than their specific actions, such as voting on a particular issue.

Keywords: пенсионная реформа, Государственная Дума, повышение пенсионного возраста, дискурс-сетевой анализ, политическая поляризация, легитимация политики