Марксистская социальная теория в институционализации исследований кино в Великобритании

Вестник Томского государственного университета. Философия. Социология. Политология. 2017. Т. 37. С. 232–239.

Салтыков Д. И.

Film Studies as a separate academic discipline with its own degree was established in
English-speaking universities only in the second half of the 20th century. The case of Great
Britain is specifically interesting because establishment of the discipline here resulted not only in
appearance of separate degrees, but in a detailed elaborated theory as well. The theory became a
model in other countries. Search for an adequate radical left critical approach led to attempts of
applying French cinema theory to American mass culture. From 1971 the initiative was taken by
renewed Screen journal. The journal’s crew wanted not only to influence on the British
educational system, but also to consider cinema as a field where the struggle against bourgeois
ideology is possible. The Marxist concept of ideology in Screen theory was responsible for
interconnection between viewer’s subjectivity and film’s textuality. These concepts were brought
together in theoretical synthesis by Colin MacCabe, who took Louis Althusser’s structural
Marxism as the basis. But MacCabe put aside an important Althusserian thesis that ideology
hasn’t its history and treated cinema as an ideological apparatus specific for capitalism. Thus
each film according to Screen theory inherits classical realist text and masks social system’s
contradictions. The cinematic form celebrates ruler class’ point of view as the only one. This
approach was classical for some period of time. It allowed to analyze the level of signification
but was unable to recognize films’ difference on the level of representation.

Keywords: идеология, ideology, марксизм, marxism, Film Studies, Луи Альтюссер, Screen, Louis Althusser, Screen, исследования кино