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Bush assumed the reins arguably at the height of America's international power. In the decade following the Cold War, a victory declared by the president-elect's father, no one had emerged in the world willing to challenge the dominance of the United States. But it was during the Bush administration that a "radical turning point" occurred. The terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, demonstrated that there were forces that even the United States, despite its might, was unable to counter. The attacks on New York and Washington set off a chain reaction that, more than two decades later, ended the "unipolar moment." And the global financial crisis of the fall of 2008, triggered by the collapse of the American mortgage market at the end of Bush's second term, heralded the end of liberal globalization.
The National Security Strategy, released in December 2025 by the administration of another Republican, Donald Trump, takes a negative view of the decades following the Cold War. American goal-setting, the document notes, "lacked clear definitions of what we want," but was limited to "vague platitudes; and often misjudged what we should want." The new approach, however, is not based on "traditional political ideologies. It is guided solely by what is good for America. Or, in three words, 'America First.'"