Cравнение инвестиционной привлекательности стран ЕС для входящих ПИИ китайских высокотехнологичных МНК

Мировое и национальное хозяйство. 2022. № 1(58). Статья 4.

Seniuk N., Kulikov K.

China's unprecedented economic growth, which has been going on for 50 years, cannot but arouse close scientific interest in its model, mechanisms and tools. It is difficult to find an analogue of a country that, having started its reformatory path with an income of about $ 200 per capita in 1978, will overcome the psychological barrier of $ 1,000 20 years later, in another 20 years, in 2018, it will reach the level of $ 10,000. The economic focus of scientific interest in this global phenomenon is the evolution of the capital basis of such growth, which does not stop either during the years of the global financial and economic crisis (2007-2009), or during the COVID-19 pandemic in its most dramatic 2020. All this points to the high stability and competitiveness of the Chinese economy, which is in the process of continuous modernization. And the most important tool for such modernization was the transfer of Western innovative technologies, carried out by attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), especially at the initial stages of the implementation of the policy of "reforms and opening up". Further, with the opening of new opportunities associated with China's accession to the WTO at the end of 2001, this was supplemented by the "seizure" of high-tech assets with the help of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the developed economies of the world, and above all in Europe.
In the context of toughening protectionist and “techno-nationalist” trends, China moved, within the framework of the “Dual Circulation” model, to its own version of innovation-oriented development, having reached the USD17,000 milestone much earlier than is prescribed by the experience of developed countries (WEF, 2010, p. ten). Along with the strategic motivation of Chinese FDI, which differs from traditional approaches, this reinforces the idea of ​​the limited applicability of neoclassical theories for the study of Chinese TNCs.

Keywords: прямые иностранные инвестиции, интернационализация, китайская экономика, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Internationalisation, Global Competitiveness, глобальная конкурентоспособность, Economy of China