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ЭВОЛЮЦИЯ ТЕОРЕТИКО-МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ПОДХОДОВ К МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЮ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ КАПИТАЛА В ПОСТ-ПАНДЕМИЧЕСКУЮ ЭПОХУ
The global economic crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic caused not only an unprecedented drop in the macroeconomic characteristics of the functioning of the world economy, such as GDP and flows of foreign direct investment (FDI), but also made it necessary to rethink the theoretical and model approach of the modern economy, as well as its driving and developing force - capital. Understanding this, the deepest decline in production and capital investments in the past 150 years, is of exceptional importance at this historical moment, both from the point of view of the associated extraordinary threats to the very life and health of people, and from the trumendous opportunities, especially for developing and transition economies. Minimizing such threats and maximizing the results of using new opportunities requires fundamentally new views and approaches to understanding and modeling investment activities in the process of overcoming the pandemic and in the post-pandemic era.
At the same time, we are not talking about a simple functionally-oriented modification of the FDI models within the framework of the traditional framework of (neo) classical scientific rationality, but about going beyond the limits to higher types of economic reality - non-classical and post-non-classical. From the point of view of describing and predicting the investment activities of TNCs, this means going beyond simplified idealizations both in relation to the location of capital (its localization) and linear ideas about the economic space and its homogeneity, which are necessary to describe non-classical spatially distributed collocations of firms and institutions such as clusters and agglomerations, as well as in the post-nonclassical case of modeling the investment behavior of both corporate and non-corporate systems in the virtual network space of global production and global innovation networks.
Based on this understanding of the innovation-oriented nature of the global challenges of the pandemic, this article attempts to analyze evolutionary trends in the understanding of all three components of the most popular investment OLI model by J. Dunning and obtained its analogs in a similar structure in the non-classical and post-non-classical space. Taking into account the analysis of the post-pandemic trends manifested by the crisis, this made it possible to argue the global conclusion in favor of the priority of post-non-classical transformations, and most importantly, the inevitability of a deep restructuring of the existing techno-centric and industry-oriented economy towards a person-centered and health-oriented one. At the same time, it is necessary to obtain a fundamentally complete set of investment models of the FDI in a three-component eclectic OLI-logic, but with a changed priority of the “assembly” of its components.