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Самооценка состояния здоровья взрослого населения Российской Федерации: анализ динамики за 2019–2024 гг.
Introduction. Self-rated health is the most widely used indicator of health, taking into account all its components - physical and mental health, emotional, social and financial well-being. Although individuals rate their health based on their own perceptions, when aggregated, the indicator accurately represents the health of the entire population. The purpose of the study: based on self-rated health, to analyze dynamics in health among the adult population, including across age groups, in 2019-2024.
Materials and methods. Self-rated health among the adult population of the Russian Federation was analyzed using microdata of the Selective observation of population health conducted by Rosstat in 2019-2024. The respondents rated their health as “very good”, “good”, “fair”, “poor”, and “very poor”. The dynamics in indicators were estimated by calculating relative change.
Results. In 2019-2024, there were changes across all categories of health: the proportion of adults who rated their health as “very good” and “good” increased from 9.0% to 9.3% and 47.3% to 49.7%, respectively. The proportion of adults who rated their health as “fair”, “poor” and “very poor” decreased from 35.7% to 34.9%, from 6.9% to 5.5% and 0.9% to 0.5%, respectively. Overall, 56.3% of adults rated their health as “very good” and “good” in 2019, and 50% in 2020, versus 60% in 2024. Among people aged 15-39, more than 80% rated their health as “very good” and “good” versus 65% of people aged 40-49. In older age groups, this proportion was gradually decreasing.
Conclusion. Self-rated health is a comprehensive indicator reflecting the impact of various aspects of life on human health, including diseases, age-related changes, and can be used to assess population health, as well as effectiveness of public health programs.