Поляризация социально-экономического пространства современной России: причины, направления и последствия

Вестник Российской академии наук. 2022. Т. 92. № 6. С. 553–561.

Нефедова Т. Г., Стрелецкий В. Н., Трейвиш А.

The purpose of this article is to identify the most important shifts in Russia’s socioeconomic space (with an emphasis on its polarization in the post-Soviet period), their causes, main trends, and consequences. Natural and historical roots, the main factors, and lines of polarization are analyzed. Reviews of the economic and geographical stratification of regions and the polarization of settlement and social spaces, urban and rural areas, and ethnocultural territorial shifts are presented. It has been established that current trends in the development of Russia increase the extremes along the vertical of society and along the spatial horizontal. This is polarization, the degree of which depends on the properties of the society itself, the space of the country, and the policy of the authorities. It manifests itself differently along the lines (axes) “north–south,” “west–east,” “center–periphery,” and “Russian core–areas of ethnic minorities.” A sharp spatial polarization limits the potential of Russia and is incompatible with the unification of approaches to the development of territories that represent different poles.

Keywords: Россия, поляризация, концентрация, город, периферия, центр, сельская местность, социально-экономическое пространство, неравномерность