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The Answer is blowin’ in the Wind: What is it in Shughni that contributes to the typology of final laryngeal neutralization?
P. 198–201.
Makarov Y.
My research has shown that final plosives in Shughni are generally devoiced and released word-finally. Nevertheless, this neutralization is incomplete since the preceding vowel is significantly longer before an underlyingly voiced segment than before a voiceless one [Makarov 2022]. As far as I know, degree of aspiration has not yet been treated as an acoustic cue to underlying voicing, but the Shughni data suggest that this is, in fact, another way to maintain the opposition between two different phonemes which have been (incompletely) neutralized word-finally.
Publication based on the results of:
In book
СПб.: ИЛИ РАН, 2022.
Ronko R., Тимофеева В. Д., Индоиранские языки 2026 Т. 2 № 2 С. 117–146
The paper is devoted to the variable number marking in Shughni
nouns and reports the results of corpus and experimental studies. In some languages,
including Shughni, the marking of plural nouns is not compulsory. Many
factors such as animacy, referentiality, morphological and semantic properties,
or syntactic position may determine the presence or absence of number marking.
The corpus study investigates ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Melenchenko M., Indo-Iranian Languages 2026 Vol. 2 No. 1 P. 74–99
This article presents the results of a study on the narrative functions of verb tenses in Shughni. Shughni is an Eastern Iranian language with a compact TAME system, which has tensed evidentials (with Preterite being the direct past and Perfect, the indirect past) and lacks grammaticalized aspect. The current study analyzes five narrations of the ...
Added: April 25, 2026
Падалка П. В., Ryzhova D., Чистякова Д. Г., Вопросы языкознания 2026 № 1 С. 40–58
The article is dedicated to the morphosyntactic properties and grammatical functions of the Shughni marker -ard. Shughni, like many other Iranian languages, has a reduced case system that seems to be gradually evolving and expanding. We demonstrate that the marker -ard is one of the main candidates for the status of a new case marker ...
Added: January 21, 2026
Armand E., Бадеев А. О., Родной язык: лингвистический журнал 2025 № 2 С. 153–175
The article analyzes the basic vocabulary (Swadesh list) of two closely related languages of the Shughni-Rushani subgroup of the East Iranian group of languages. The lists were collected by the authors using the elicitation method during field research in the summer of 2025. Special attention is paid to borrowings from Tajik, as well as to ...
Added: January 18, 2026
Armand E., Ryzhova D., Ризвоншоева Н. Н., Известия РАН. Серия литературы и языка 2025 Т. 84 № 5 С. 99–111
The article presents a system of verbs of the semantic field of ‘mixingʼ in Shughni. Based on dictionary data and the results of speaker interviews using a typological questionnaire, we show that there are about 13 verbs in this semantic zone, including both simple and complex verbs. The paper considers the peculiarities of use of ...
Added: October 30, 2025
Melenchenko M., В кн.: Шугнанские этюды. Сборник статей о шугнанском языке.: Хорог: Институт гуманитарных наук НАНТ, 2025. С. 18–38.
The article is devoted to the problem of standardization of the alphabet for the Shughni language, a burning issue for the Shughni people of Tajikistan. Although de facto Shughni has been used in writing for a long time now, it still does not have a stable orthography. One of the reasons for this is not ...
Added: August 2, 2025
Хорог: Институт гуманитарных наук НАНТ, 2025.
The book "Shughni Etudes. Collection of Papers on the Shughni Language" (2025) is a reprint of articles published by the HSE Pamiri research team in 2020–2023. ...
Added: August 2, 2025
Rakhilina E. V., Ryzhova D., Вопросы языкознания 2025 № 2 С. 7–25
The paper is devoted to the basic principles of verbal colexification defined at the cross-linguistic
level. We understand colexification as a non-random association of two or more meanings within one
and the same lexical item. We argue that these associations, reproducing in different languages, should
follow certain principles and form clear patterns. Drawing on our extensive experience of ...
Added: March 11, 2025
Melenchenko M., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2024 Т. 7 № 1 С. 64–88
“Defective” verb žīwǰ ‘love’ in Shughni only has the Perfect stem, but lacks Present and Preterite stems. Instead, to express these tenses, Shughni uses complex verbs with auxiliary verbs čīdow ‘do’ and vidow ‘be’. This paper attempts to describe the distribution of three constructions: the independent žīwǰ and the two complex verbs which use it, ...
Added: February 5, 2025
Melenchenko M., Индоиранские языки 2025 Т. 1 № 1 С. 50–88
The article presents a comparative review of Pluperfects in Pamir languages, describing both structural and semantic properties of these forms. The data comes from the existing grammatical descriptions as well as recent work with speakers of contemporary Shughni and Ishkashimi conducted in Tajikistan. In the majority of Pamir languages (Bartangi, Roshorvi, Wakhi, Ishkashimi, Sanglechi, Yazghulami), ...
Added: December 27, 2024
Чистякова Д. Г., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2022 Т. 5 № 2 С. 84–100
Many Iranian languages have developed differential object marking (DOM). Since many languages have lost case inflection, special markers were used to mark a direct object. In different Iranian languages, DOM may depend on different factors: specificity hierarchy; tense and aspect or information structure [Windfuhr 2009: 33; Bossong 1985]. In Shughni special marking of an object ...
Added: May 7, 2024
Melenchenko M., Вопросы языкознания 2023 № 6 С. 120–137
This paper describes the semantics of one of the verb forms in Shughni, traditionally called Perfect. This form displays many areally-motivated typological similarities with perfects in other languages of Western and Central Asia. In particular, Shughni has developed an evidential opposition between the Preterite and the Perfect, in which the Perfect is used for non-witnessed ...
Added: December 27, 2023
Melenchenko M., В кн.: Двадцатая конференция по типологии и грамматике для молодых исследователей. Тезисы докладов.: СПб.: ИЛИ РАН, 2023. С. 125–128.
— ...
Added: November 30, 2023
Plungian V., Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология» 2022 № 5 С. 11–22
В статье дается обзор истории изучения памирских языков и современного состояния памироведения. Статья является введением к серии публикаций о памирских языках в данном номере журнала. ...
Added: November 11, 2023
Rakhilina E. V., Ryzhova D., Ардабаева М. Ш., Вопросы языкознания 2023 № 6 С. 103–119
The paper deals with verbs and verbal constructions with the meaning ‘to seek, to search, to look for’ (the semantic field seek) in the Shughni language on a typological background. On the basis of vocabulary data and the results of elicitation sessions with native speakers, the peculiarities of the lexicalization of the seek field in ...
Added: November 6, 2023
Бадеев А. О., Sergienko A., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2022 Vol. 5 No. 2 P. 27–44
This paper discusses an F=PL syncretism in Shughni. In Shughni, intransitive verbs have syncretic forms in past and perfect tenses when agreeing with a feminine singular, feminine plural, or masculine plural subject. The form when agreeing with a masculine singular subject is different. Unlike other languages with such syncretism, the default gender in Shughni is ...
Added: May 25, 2023
Kasenov D., Бадеев А. О., Типология морфосинтаксических параметров 2022 Vol. 5 No. 2 P. 27–44
This paper discusses an F=PL syncretism in Shughni. In Shughni, intransitive verbs have syncretic forms in past and perfect tenses when agreeing with a feminine singular, feminine plural, or masculine plural subject. The form when agreeing with a masculine singular subject is different. Unlike other languages with such syncretism, the default gender in Shughni is ...
Added: December 26, 2022
Ronko R., Вестник РГГУ. Серия «Литературоведение. Языкознание. Культурология» 2022 № 5 С. 48–66
The paper describes possessive constructions with pronouns in Shughni. In this language, possessor can be expressed by personal and demonstrative pronouns, pronouns with the locative postposition and, and constructions including both a standard pronoun and a pronoun marked with a locative marker. I compare these construction types, analyze types of semantic relations between the possessor ...
Added: December 9, 2022
Armand E., Некушоева Ш. С., Родной язык: лингвистический журнал 2022 № 1 С. 73–108
In this paper, we undertake a study of the lexical semantics of verbs with the meaning ‘to pourʼ in one of the small Eastern Iranian languages of the Pamirs — Shughni, spoken in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province of Tajikistan. Data for the paper were extracted from the published dictionary of the Shughni language [Karamshoev 1988–1999], ...
Added: July 6, 2022
Makarov Y., Melenchenko M., Dmitry Novokshanov, , in: Proceedings of The Workshop on Resources and Technologies for Indigenous, Endangered and Lesser-resourced Languages in Eurasia within the 13th Language Resources and Evaluation Conference.: European Language Resources Association (ELRA), 2022. P. 61–64.
This paper describes the Shughni Documentation Project consisting of the Online Shughni Dictionary, morphological analyzer, orthography converter, and Shughni corpus. The online dictionary has not only basic functions such as finding words but also facilitates more complex tasks. Representing a lexeme as a network of database sections makes it possible to search in particular domains ...
Added: June 27, 2022
Rakhilina E. V., Некушоева Ш. С., Armand E., Известия РАН. Серия литературы и языка 2021 Т. 80 № 6 С. 69–78
In this paper, we undertake a study of the lexical semantics of verbs with the meaning 'hide' in one of the small Eastern Iranian languages of the Pamirs – Shughni, spoken in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province of Tajikistan. Data for the paper were extracted from the published dictionary of the Shughni language (Karamshoev 1988-1999), as ...
Added: December 22, 2021
Mamonova T., Moroz G., / NRU HSE. Series WP BRP "Linguistics". 2019. No. 91/LNG/2019.
Voice onset time (VOT) is a parameter which distinguishes the way consonants are articulated . This parameter is widely used in acoustic phonetics. In particular, there are many studies of it in the languages of the world. This paper presents an analysis of VOT in the Abaza language (Northwest Caucasian). We measured the VOT of ...
Added: December 14, 2019
Daria Kosheleva, Evgeniy Mozhayev, Evgeniya Murzinova et al., , in: TyLex Summer School Abstract Book.: [б.и.], 2017. P. 20–21.
The project aims at systematizing the data available on Shughni language, specifically that dealing with lexicon. The main outcome is an online tool that makes Shughni investigations available to a wide range of researchers. It consists of a dictionary and a small corpus. ...
Added: February 27, 2018