О принципах глагольной колексификации

Вопросы языкознания. 2025. № 2. С. 7–25.

Rakhilina E. V., Ryzhova D.

The paper is devoted to the basic principles of verbal colexification defined at the cross-linguistic
level. We understand colexification as a non-random association of two or more meanings within one
and the same lexical item. We argue that these associations, reproducing in different languages, should
follow certain principles and form clear patterns. Drawing on our extensive experience of lexical typological research and our new field data on the semantics of simple and complex verbs in Shughni, we
show that verbal meanings colexify due to their partial denotative intersection, hence this process can
be described in terms of the phase structure of the situation. As an illustration, we consider the structure of the semantic field of disappearance in Shughni, where the concept ‘disappear’ turns out to be
adjacent to motion from the speaker / observer (tidow ‘to go, to flow’, sitow ‘to go’, zibidow ‘to jump’,
etc.), processes of destruction (θidow ‘to burn’, virix̌ tow ‘to break’, etc.), topological changes (gāx̌ tow
‘to turn’, xangi / xāmb δêdow ‘disappear from sight’, lit. ‘a hollow / bend’ + a light verb ‘to fall’, etc.),
and frustrating emotions (ayf sitow ‘go to waste’, lit. ‘alas’ + a light verb ‘to go’). We show what meanings constitute the domain of disappearance and how they relate denotatively to the adjacent concepts
of directed motion, destruction, topological changes, and frustrating emotions.

Keywords: лексика, semantics, метонимия, lexicon, лексическая типология, metonymy, иранские языки, Shughni, шугнанский язык, lexical typology, памирские языки, семантика, Pamir area, Iranian languages, colexification