Не только ультраправые: какие партии занимают нишу культурного протекционизма в странах Евросоюза?

Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Политология. 2021. Т. 23. № 4. С. 692–705.

Petrov I.

In the 2010s many moderate parties in Europe began to use the agenda of the farrights, competing with them on the same field. This article is devoted to the problem of inter-party competition in European countries amidst the rise of far-right parties. We also intended to check if the far-right profile is the same for all EU countries. To achieve the goal of the study, we used two databases on party positioning – MARPOR (Comparative Manifesto Project) and CHES (Chapel Hill Expert Survey). The study revealed that the consolidated family of the far-rights exists only in the countries of North-Western Europe, while in the countries of East-Central Europe the agenda of the far-rights is less consolidated and regionally heterogeneous. The mainstream competitors of the far-rights included mostly conservatives in North-Western Europe, and various parties, including the Social Democrats, in East-Central Europe. The study confirmed the hypothesis about the serious influence of the far-rights on mainstream politics. At the same time, it questioned the traditional approach which attributes the far-right profile only to far-right parties and ignores both regional differences and the factor of spatial competition.

Keywords: Политические партии и партийные системы, пространственная конкуренция, spatial competition, European politics, европейская политика, партийная борьба, party competition, Political parties and party systems, right-wing populism, правый популизм, political cleavage, партийные размежевания