Влияние установки на восприятие «Я»- и «не-Я»-феноменов на уровни их конструирования

Психологические исследования: электронный научный журнал. 2022. Т. 15. № 83. Статья 1.

Медведев Б. П.

The article presents a brief overview of Construal Level Theory, which is actively developing and gaining popularity among foreign researchers. This theory asserts the fundamental relationship between the psychological distance to the phenomenon and the level (abstractness) of its construal (representation) in the subject’s consciousness. The prerequisites and possible scientific significance of distinguishing two specific types of construction: "Self"- and "not-Self"-phenomena are described. It is assumed that the levels of their construction in situations can change independently of each other. In order to study this issue, an experimental study was conducted, which involved 130 participants. The subjects were asked to perform three tasks in turn: the pre-test, the main task and the post-test. By the main task (naming only "Self"- or "not-Self"-phenomena for 5 minutes, or the absence of restrictions for control groups), the attitude to the perception of "Self"- or "not-self"-phenomena was formed. During the pre - and post-tests, the subjects were asked to name 10 "Self"-or "not-Self" - phenomena, the level of abstraction of which was then evaluated by three independent experts. It was found that the formation of an attitude to the perception of "not-Self"-phenomena leads to a decrease in the construal level of "Self"-phenomena, while maintaining the construal level of "not-Self"-phenomena, and vice versa. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of “Self”- and "non-Self"-phenomena was also carried out. It was revealed that "Self"-phenomena, on average, are constructed at a significantly higher level than "not-Sefl"-phenomena. Due to the specifics of the experimental procedure – the conscious division of phenomena by the subject into those related to the "Self" or "not-Self" (obviously, not so often carried out in everyday life), a broad extrapolation of the obtained results requires additional researches.

Keywords: психологическая дистанция, "Я", ритм, rhythm, Self, psychological distance, "не-Я", construal level, construal level theory, not-Self, уровень конструкта, construal level theory