Когда небесные тела встречают медиа: импактный дискурс о кометах и астероидах

Шаги/Steps. 2021. Т. 7. № 4. С. 221–237.

Nim E.

The article is devoted to the study of media images of small celestial bodies – comets, asteroids and meteorites. Special attention is paid to the "impact" representation of these space objects, which reflects their probable or occurred collision with the Earth. The article answers a number of questions: since when, in what contexts and images does the appearance of these celestial bodies occur in the culture? How is the impact discourse formed in astronomy and what is the role of science fiction in its origin and popularization? What are the features of media representations of space threats, and what kind of difficulties arise in the communication of astronomers and journalists? By what actors and in what ways is an impact event constructed in the era of the Internet, mobile technologies, and social media? The study reveals a number of trends in the production and reception of the comet-asteroid hazard discourse. The analysis involves various media and texts: popular science books, fiction, news media content and social media. The author comes to the conclusion that following the joint efforts of scientists, science fiction writers and journalists, the impact discourse, which emphasizes the risks of cosmic hazards, has firmly established itself in the public consciousness. In addition, a significant role in the creation of an impact media event is presently played by its witnesses using available digital technologies, as demonstrated by the case of the Chelyabinsk meteorite. Depending on the degree of risk and severity of the consequences of the fall of a celestial body, the genres and rhetoric of its media coverage vary. Studying media images of comets and asteroids in general allows us to better understand how people imagine the cosmos and their place in the universe.

Keywords: медиа, media, asteroids, астероиды, кометы, Astronomy, астрономия, science fiction, научная фантастика, astroculture, астрокультура, comets, impact event, disaster discourse, импактное событие, дискурс катастрофы