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June 30, 2026
HSE Economists Reveal How the Wage Gap Emerges Among Vocational School Graduates
HSE researchers examined the careers of 600,000 graduates of Russian secondary vocational education programmes and found that at the start of their careers, the gender wage gap reaches 23%, doubling after three years. This disparity is largely due to male and female students choosing different occupations when enrolling in vocational schools. These were the findings made by Sergey Roshchin, Natalya Yemelina, and Ksenia Rozhkova from of the HSE Faculty of Economic Sciences. The article has been published in Educational Studies.
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Рождественское обращение испанского монарха как объект лингвистического исследования

Ученые записки Новгородского государственного университета. 2020. № 2 (27). С. 1–4.
Селиванова И. В.

The Spanish Kings’ Christmas messages are considered the main instrument of communication of the Head of State with his citizens. Although they do not have any legal status and belong to the realm of customs and traditions, these speeches are expected by the people, and analyzed in detail because they are one of the few occasions when the monarch addresses the Spanish people on television. This paper deals with the speeches delivered by Juan Carlos I and Felipe VI from 1975 to 2019, in order to highlight their significance in strengthening the image of the institution of the monarchy, and convincing people of the necessity for peaceful coexistence in Spain, a highly democratic country where the monarch is the symbol of its unity and permanence. Nevertheless, Felipe VI’s messages are more personal, emotional and appealing, in comparison with the messages of his predecessor as he tries to make a gentle change in the monarchy, bringing it a little closer to the people. 

Priority areas: humanitarian
Language: Russian
DOI
Keywords: ИспанияSpainиспанская монархияSpanish monarchy
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