Нация в эпоху интенсивной глобализации

Вестник Московского государственного лингвистического университета. Серия: Общественные науки. 2017. № 3 (787). С. 115–124.

Bondarenko D. M.

Globalization is an immanent historical process of not unification but rapprochement of cultures, formation of a global civilization as a “federation” of local civilizations. However, the present historical time is characterized by especially intensive and irreversible globalization. Due to the appearance of postcolonial states and rapid growth of migrations from the “global South” to the “global North”, the phenomenon of nation is transforming from “supraethnic” into “interethnic”, while a global transnational culture is forming. In its original form the nation rose in Europe and North America in the Modern Period and flourished in the 19th – 20th centuries, being adequate to the world of industrial capitalism and cultural nationalism. However, since the late 20th century, the trends and processes determined by globalization and postindustrialism dominate. The West has to depart from the original concept of the nation and search for ways to solve a completely different problem – of maintaining the unity of the citizens at preservation of cultural diversity introduced by migrants from all over the world. In this situation, it should not be ruled out that postcolonial states, that return initial multiculturalism, may be in pole position if they give up trying to build a nation on the outdated classical model.

Keywords: глобализация, культура, мультикультурализм, culture, globalization, миграции, multiculturalism, нация, постколониализм, transnationalism, транснационализм, nation, postcolonialism, migrations