Как дети усваивают значение слов, которое недоступно их прямому восприятию: гипотеза о взаимодействии социального, языкового и понятийного опыта

Культурно-историческая психология. 2014. Т. 10. № 2. С. 50–57.

Kotov A. A., Власова Е. Ф., Котова Т. Н.

In our study 3—4yearold children were given a task to set up the connection between a novel object, its name and some additional information about that object, which was either available to visual perception (outer colour) or unavailable (inner colour). Despite the hypothesis of the social determination of a word (Bloom, 2000), sug gesting that children prefer to connect a new word to the information unavailable to their perception but coming from the adult, we found that 4yearolds could remember both pieces of information as well as the word. Unlike them, 3yearolds could only remember the object's name and visually available information. Children's knowledge of colour names influenced their ability to remember the information about the inner colour: those children who could barely name colours themselves didn't remember the inner colour of the object. In the additional research we demonstrated that the language experience itself isn't the only one that it takes to remember the visually unavail able information, but it had to be connected to the relevant conceptual knowledge. At the end of the article we are considering the constraints related to the interaction of the social, language and conceptual experience in novel words' learning which specify the hypothesis of the social determination of a word.

Keywords: развитие, значение, память, речь, восприятие, научение, дошкольный возраст