Формирование специальных составов ответственности в сфере криптовалют в России и Узбекистане

Криминологический журнал. 2026. № 2. С. 168–176.

Идрисов Р. Р., Токолов А. В.

Provides a comparative legal analysis of the qualification of cryptocurrency offences in the Russian

Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan. Three levels of regulation are examined, namely the qualification of

illegal mining, unlicensed cryptocurrency circulation, and procedural mechanisms for the seizure of digital assets.

It is established that the absence of specialised criminal charges in Russia compels practitioners to resort to general

provisions on property damage and unlicensed banking activity, whereas Uzbekistan has had purpose-built charges

with administrative prejudice since 2024. The article also examines the draft Art. 171.7 of the Russian Criminal Code

introduced in April 2026. A convergence trend is identified. At the same time, the Uzbek model is shown to carry its own

systemic risk, since the differentiated penalty structure links sanctions predominantly to transaction volume without

sufficient regard to the nature of the activity, thereby producing disproportionate outcomes. The article formulates

proposals for the improvement of Russian legislation, including administrative prejudice for illegal mining, differentiation

of circulation charges by the nature of activity, and a specialised custody regime for seized digital currency.

Keywords: законодательство Республики Узбекистан, Узбекистан, Uzbekistan, сравнительное уголовное право, административная преюдиция, administrative prejudice, cryptocurrency, криптовалюта, comparative criminal law, криптоактивы, цифровая валюта, digital currency, правовой статус криптоактивов, Crypto-assets, Сравнительное уголовное право и уголовный процесс, illegal mining, qualification of offences, seizure of crypto-assets, крипто-актив, незаконный майнинг, квалификация правонарушений