Интерпретация Ф.В.Й. Шеллингом кантовской трансцендентальной аналитики в «Системе трансцендентального идеализма»

Философия. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2026. Т. 10. № 2. С. 145–167.

Переплеткин А. В.

: The article is dedicated to the core of Critique of Pure Reason, the Transcendental Analytic as it is interpreted by Schelling. Through an analysis of System of Transcenden tal Idealism, it is shown that Schelling’s systematic presentation of Kant’s doctrine is not merely a reordering of its main elements in accordance with the methodical progression from the unconditional beginning of the system to the completeness of its consequences. Schelling not only assigns the fundamental definitions of Kant’s Transcendental Analytic their proper place within the system as a form but also introduces significant substantive modifications to each of them individually. Thus, Kant’s table of categories is restructured by Schelling into a hierarchy in which the categories of relation are granted primary status. The modal cate gories, which conclude this hierarchy, are revised in terms of their composition: the negative aspect (impossibility, nonexistence, contingency) is excluded, something that Kant himself does not do. In Schelling’s interpretation, the power of judgment not only synthesizes the universal and the particular but initially separates them, thereby creating the very condi tion for their synthesis. In his treatment of schematism, Schelling offers a phenomenological clarification of the distinction between empirical and transcendental schematism and grounds the connection between schematism and language. The power of imagination, which performs schematism, is interpreted more broadly by Schelling than by Kant and to such an extent that even reason can no longer be regarded as something different from imagination. Drawing on Fichte’s conception of imagination as an oscillation between the opposites, Schelling assigns to it a system-constituting role.

Keywords: воображение, Kant, Schelling, Шеллинг, imagination, categories, схематизм, Кант, transcendental idealism, трансцендентальный идеализм, трансцендентальная аналитика, категории, transcendental analytic, schematism