Соотношение полов в межрегиональной миграции населения России

Вестник Санкт-Петербургского университета. Науки о Земле. 2025.

Герасимов А. А., Karachurina L. B.

Migration is one of the key factors shaping the spatial redistribution of the population and changes in its age-sex structure across different territories. Although contemporary Russian researchers have paid considerable attention to the age-related aspects of migration, sex-related differences in migration have received little scholarly focus. The purpose of this study is to assess the sex ratio in Russian interregional migration, which in recent years has accounted for about 40% of overall migration turnover in the country. The analysis is based on Rosstat municipal data on the number of arrivals and departures by sex and age from 2012 to 2023. The results indicate that, during the study period, the initially similar intensity of interregional migration among both sexes shifted toward slightly higher migration activity among women. Women were more likely to migrate up to the age of 40, with the gender gap in migration increasing over time in that age bracket. Notably, the peak age of female migration activity relative to men shifted from the age of 20–24 to 30–34. Men, on the other hand, exhibited higher migration rates after the age of 40, although gender differences in this age group gradually became less pronounced. Spatially, women under 40 demonstrated the highest out-migration activity in comparison to men in peripheral areas such as rural North, northern parts of Central Russia, and the Far East, while nearly all cities saw higher rates of female in-migration. Men over 40 demonstrated greater migration activity in most territories, both in terms of arrivals and departures. There were no clear central–peripheral differences in migration intensity between men and women, except in Moscow and St. Petersburg, in which women of almost all ages arrived more actively in comparison to men.

Keywords: migration, гендер, gender, periphery, периферия, миграция населения, core, муниципальная статистика, municipal data, центры, men and women, женщины и мужчины