Book
История психологии. Течения, школы, пути развития
The field of cultural-historical psychology originated in the work of Lev Vygotsky and the Vygotsky Circle in the Soviet Union more than eighty years ago, and has now established a powerful research tradition in Russia and the West. The Cambridge Handbook of Cultural-Historical Psychology is the first volume to systematically present cultural-historical psychology as an integrative/holistic developmental science of mind, brain, and culture. Its main focus is the inseparable unity of the historically evolving human mind, brain, and culture, and the ways to understand it. The contributors are major international experts in the field, and include authors of major works on Lev Vygotsky, direct collaborators and associates of Alexander Luria, and renowned neurologist Oliver Sacks. The handbook will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of psychology, education, humanities and neuroscience.
The Idea of the Person in Existential Analysis by Viktor Frankl
Viktor Frankl (1905-1997) holds a specific place in a panorama of psychological thoughts. Philosopher, psychologist, doctor, psychotherapist, the founder of the original teachings about the meaning, he has exerted serious humanistic impact on a philosophical and psychological thought.
The book shows Frankl's contribution in the development of the idea of the person as a spiritual active agent of human existence. Frankl's ideas of the person are reconstructed and systematized, their methodological value for psychotherapeutic anthropology and psychology of the personality is considered.
The book is addressed to a wide range of readers, reflecting on the problems of human and his being, to professionals and researchers in the field of philosophy, social sciences and humanities, for undergraduate and graduate students studying psychology and psychotherapy.
The essay on thinking of thinking. The article is motivated by the 80-th birth anniversary of outstanding psychologist and pedagogue V.V. Davydov who was engaged, in collaboration with D.B. Elkonin, in elaboration of psychological foundations and pedagogical practices of developing education. The program he has devised focused on the advance of schoolchildren’s capacity for theoretical thinking and formation of readiness, inclination and capacity for conceptual thinking. An attempt to apply V.V. Davydov’s ideas to analysis of the thinking per se is made. Special attention is given to reflexion and intuition.
The distractive effects on attentional task performance in different paradigms are analyzed in this paper. I demonstrate how distractors may negatively affect (interference effect), positively (redundancy effect) or neutrally (null effect). Distractor effects described in literature are classified in accordance with their hypothetical source. The general rule of the theory is also introduced. It contains the formal prediction of the particular distractor effect, based on entropy and redundancy measures from the mathematical theory of communication (Shannon, 1948). Single- vs dual-process frameworks are considered for hypothetical mechanisms which underpin the distractor effects. Distractor profiles (DPs) are also introduced for the formalization and simple visualization of experimental data concerning the distractor effects. Typical shapes of DPs and their interpretations are discussed with examples from three frequently cited experiments. Finally, the paper introduces hierarchical hypothesis that states the level-fashion modulating interrelations between distractor effects of different classes.
This article describes the expierence of studying factors influencing the social well-being of educational migrants as mesured by means of a psychological well-being scale (A. Perrudet-Badoux, G.A. Mendelsohn, J.Chiche, 1988) previously adapted for Russian by M.V. Sokolova. A statistical analysis of the scale's reliability is performed. Trends in dynamics of subjective well-being are indentified on the basis the correlations analysis between the condbtbions of adaptation and its success rate, and potential mechanisms for developing subjective well-being among student migrants living in student hostels are described. Particular attention is paid to commuting as a factor of adaptation.