Эволюция поведения человека и эволюция общества: некоторые размышления в связи с книгой М.Л. Бутовской и В.В. Ростовцевой

Этнографическое обозрение. 2021. № 6. С. 201–206.

Bondarenko D. M.

Reflecting on the recent book by Marina L. Butovskaya and Victoria V. Rostovtseva, the author discusses altruism and selfishness as preconditions for cooperation of humans in society for collective actions, as a result of which its sociocultural transformations take place. It is argued that the problem of sources of cooperative behavior is by no means the one of strict choice between altruism and selfishness. Cooperation in society is based on a combination of altruism and selfishness in human behavior, with reciprocity of relationships as a connecting link between them. Butovskaya and Rostovtseva’s approach to the problem of the sources of cooperation as the background of social evolution is compared with the theories for which this problem is crucially important, too but solved differently – the collective action theory and collective acceptance theory of institutions.

Keywords: reciprocity, кооперация, cooperation, реципрокность, коллективное действие, поведение человека, альтруизм, социальная эволюция, collective action, altruism, evolution of human behavior, эгоизм, social evolution

Publication based on the results of: Anthropology of Socio-Cultural Systems: Historical Dynamics and Regional Variability (2021)