Война, философия, интертекстуальность: об одной внешне незначительной фразе из раннего Платона

Новое литературное обозрение. 2018. Т. 153. № 5. С. 19–30.

Panchenko D.

In Plato’s Laches an apparently insignificant remark appears: “the law places the soothsayer under the general, and not the general under the soothsayer” (199a). However, Socrates pronounces this phrase in conversation with the military commander Nicias, and it was known in Athens that Nicias had followed, in a critical situation, the suggestion of the soothsayers, which resulted in a military disaster and the death of Nicias himself (he was sentenced to death by the victors). Nicias made an incorrect decision in nontrivial circumstances on account of not having a correct understanding of the situation, and Plato hints at this event in order to show that philosophy, which nourishes the ability of a correct understanding of any question, is not an idle exercise. In essence, he constructs an apology for philosophy–and first of all an apology for the philosophy of Socrates. At the same time, Plato enters into an unannounced polemic with Thucydides, who held Nicias’ virtue in an exceptionally high estimation (VII, 86, 5): from Plato’s point of view, it is Socrates rather than Nicias who deserves such an evaluation.

Keywords: Платон, Socrates, Сократ, Thucydides, Фукидид, Plato, Nicias, Никий