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Формула победы или рецепт неудачи: что определяет результативность гражданского участия при защите исторических объектов в российских городах?
The article examines the conditions that influence the outcomes of civic participation in the protection of historical sites in Russian cities. It is based on the political opportunity structure theory, which suggests that structural conditions that shape the political opportunity structure have the greatest impact on the outcome of collective action. Drawing on the literature on social movements and urban conflicts, a set of nine conditions that can influence the outcomes of civic participation was formulated. Six conditions were classified as structural conditions. The other three conditions were classified as agency conditions. All conditions were tested through a qualitative comparative analysis of 52 cases of protecting historical sites from three cities — St. Petersburg, Veliky Novgorod and Pskov. Data on these cases were obtained from 25 interviews with activists and experts, publications in the media and activist communities on social networks. The analysis showed that different combinations of conditions influence the outcomes of civic participation, including those combining structural and agency conditions. A hierarchy of conditions was found in which structural conditions are more important, but agency conditions can also have a significant impact on outcomes. The most important structural conditions for activist success are: 1) the absence of a coalition between government and business; 2) the protected status of historical sites; 3) the presence of allies of the activists in the regional elites; 4) the absence of influential opponents. The most important agency condition is the ability of activists to form coalitions and maintain a high level of coordination of actions.