?
Употребление будущего времени в греческом тексте псалмов и гипотеза об «эсхатологизации» греческой Псалтири
The crystallization of apocalyptic and eschatological ideas in the Jewish tradition began during the Babylonian captivity and continued during the Second Temple period. In a developed form, Jewish eschatology is presented in the book of Daniel (second century B.C.), in the book of Enoch (last centuries B.C.), in the New Testament, and in numerous Jewish apocalypses of the turn of the era and Christian apocalypses of the early modern era. Since the formation of eschatology took place around the same centuries as the translation of the Hebrew Scriptures into Greek, it is legitimate to investigate whether the eschatological ideas were reflected in the Greek translation of the Hebrew Scriptures. This question is often raised regarding the Greek translation of the Psalms (which most scholars date to the second century BCE). The peculiar rendering of the tenses of the Hebrew verbs in the Greek Psalter is often cited as an argument in favor of a positive answer, namely that the translator made the Greek Psalter more “eschatological” than the Hebrew original. This article examines texts in which previous scholarship has tended to see the translator's use of the Greek future tense as an argument for the “eschatologization” of the Greek Psalter. We argue that in many of these texts the Greek future tense in the Psalms can be explained by a specific translation technique, without the need to postulate that the translator was influenced by theological, eschatological, or messianic ideas. Additionally, there are many contexts (descriptions of God's judgment, the enthronement of God, earthquakes, etc.) that the translator could have used to express his eschatological views by rendering these descriptions in the future. But he preferred the past tense. This raises doubts with regard to the supposed “eschatologization” of the Greek Psalter.