Любовь Аксельрод о Канте: осмысление марксистских дискуссий 1920—1930-х годов в СССР

Кантовский сборник. 2024. Т. 43. № 4. С. 155–168.

Щедрина Т. Г., Schedrina I., Штольценберг Ю.

The authors attempt to look back on the discussions of Marxist philosophy and historical materialism in this country without hushing up, obfuscating or simplifying issues, and to assess the prospects of their development. They focus on the work of a follower of Georgy Plekhanov, Lyubov Axelrod, who, in developing the concept of historical materialism, turned to Kant. Axelrod’s published works (from early articles and a dissertation on Tolstoy’s worldview to her mature works on the history of materialism and philosophical-sociological texts on literary classics) and her epistolary legacy (most notably her correspondence with Plekhanov) show that for her rethinking the ideas of Kant was a reference point in the “critique of criticism” directed at the epistemological reasoning of Neo-Kantians, on the one hand, and at the Russian thinkers who had embraced “idealism” on the other. This was essentially the approach adopted by scholars at the Historical Materialism Department of the USSR Academy of Sciences (headed by Vladislav Zh. Kelle) and, even more importantly, this approach is still relevant in the study of the principle of historicity in the philosophy and science in Russia today. Analyzing the debates between “dialecticians” (headed up by Abram M. Deborin) and “mechanicists” (with whom Axelrod is often identified) the authors hold that in epistemological terms her scientific-philosophical concepts of the materialistic interpretation of the tradition of historicity is a kind of bridge between the pre-revolutionary tradition of “positive” philosophy on Russian soil and Marxism as it existed in the USSR.

Keywords: философия истории, Marxism, philosophy of history, I.Kant, Кант, марксизм, Historical materialism, Dialectical materialism, Lyubov Axelrod, “mechanicists”, “dialecticians”, Любовь Аксельрод, исторический материализм, диалектический материализм, «механисты», «диалектики»

Publication based on the results of: Russia and Europe in the 19th Century: Intellectual Interactions in the Socio-Political Context (2024)