?
О значении гетерограммы LÚ(.MEŠ)MAŠ.EN.KAK в хеттской клинописи
Шаги/Steps. 2024. Т. 10. № 2. С. 54–71.
The article is devoted to the use of the logogram LÚ(.MEŠ)MAŠ.EN.KAK in Hittite texts. This logogram was borrowed from the Mesopotamian cuneiform in which it rendered the Akkadian word muškēnum (lit. ‘the one who bows down, performs proskynesis’). In 1950 E. Laroche showed that the logogram should be read as ašiwant- ‘poor’ in Hittite. However, subsequently several scholars have pointed out that this meaning did not fit well into many contexts. Therefore it was suggested that LÚ(.MEŠ)MAŠ.EN.KAK was rather a social term referring to a certain group of Hittite population dependent of the state (‘palace’) (V. Souček, I.M. Diakonoff). Such renderings of the logogram as ‘semi-free, dependent, serfs, servants’ which are widely used in the literature conform with this interpretation. But there seem to be not enough evidence in the sources to substantiate these translations. The article analyses two texts from ancient Tapikka (HKM 8, 105) which were not yet known in the 1960s when the main study on the Hittite LÚ(.MEŠ)MAŠ.EN.KAK appeared. It is suggested that the solution should be sought in the Mesopotamian tradition of the Old Babylonian time in which the Akkadian equivalent of the logogram, the noun muškēnum, referred to commoners, ordinary citizens economically independent of the palace.
Language:
Russian
Nikolay Sarkisyan, Revolutionary Russia 2025 Vol. 38 No. 1 P. 1–23
This article examines the emergence and evolution of revolutionary museology in Imperial Russia between 1901 and 1917, addressing a previously understudied aspect of revolutionary culture. By analysing four successive attempts to establish revolutionary museums – the Russian Museum in Geneva (1901–1902), Maxim Gorky’s initiative on Capri (1912–1913), Vladimir Burtsev’s various projects, and the Petrograd House ...
Added: October 14, 2026
Zenkin S., P.: Classiques Garnier, 2025.
In the 19th and 20th centuries, visual image (painting, sculpture, photography, etc.) can often be a character in literary and film plots, an element of the fictional world. Its narrative forms and functions are explored from a theoretical and comparative perspective. ...
Added: October 13, 2026
ИДВ РАН, 2026.
This paper addresses the issue perceiving the national Vietnamese costume as a tool of cultural representation in the context of official state events held in Vietnam and abroad. The study focuses on specific cases of protocol visits, meetings, forums, and beauty contests, where the ao dai and other types and elements of national clothing are ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Dadykina M., Известия Российской академии образования 2026 Т. 2 № 74 С. 50–65
In modern economic law, the concept of "business entity" refers to an individual or legal entity (or association) en- gaged in economic activity for profit. Since the concept of a legal entity in Russia only fully developed in the late 18th century, the use of this term in the context of the Russian economy of ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Qiang S., Linguistic Research 2025 No. 3 P. 76–85
The determination of new words and meanings is a key issue in lexical history studies. However,
common reliance on identifying “the earliest examples” can be challenged by textual complexity and subjective
disagreements. Focusing on the emergence of the FAST meaning of kuai (快), this study proposes criteria for
identifying new meanings from the perspective of the lexical system. ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Rodkin P. E., RIO Russia In & Out 2026 Vol. 9 No. 29 P. 63–70
Korean popular culture, including cinema, television series, the music industry, art, design, architecture, and consumer and corporate brands, is analyzed within the framework of the larger phenomenon and collective concept of the Korean Wave. The structure of the audience's presence and familiarity with Korean brands in the market and in the public consciousness is highlighted, ...
Added: October 12, 2026
Budennaya E., Русская речь 2026 Т. 4 С. 57–78
This study analyzes non-calendar and hypocoristic Christian names
within the Russian white clergy. It identifi es two active periods of name formation using Slavic hypocoristic suffi xes: the 11th — 14th centuries (peaking
in the 12th) and the 16th — 17th centuries.
The fi rst period is tied to the general adoption of Christian names, where
diminutive forms acted ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Budennaya E., Slovĕne 2026 Т. 1 С. 31–67
The article examines Old Russian anthroponyms with the suffix -ec-, originally conveying the meaning ‘less than X’. A diachronic corpus study of
11th–17th-century texts reveals that while this suffix lacked inherent pejorative
connotations in Old Russian sources, contextual (adherent) pejoration is clearly
observable. For pre-15th-century chronicles, two primary usage patterns are
identified—1) characters with explicit negative evaluation, and 2) ...
Added: October 11, 2026
Kanaev A. A., Вестник Пермского университета. Серия: История 2026 № 3(74) С. 159–168
The current article is dedicated to the specifics of how the image of the “East” correlated with Russian national identity in the political languages of Russian nationalists in the 1990s. The focus is on situations in which certain positive features of the imaginary “East,” as opposed to the “West,” were associated with the Russian nation. ...
Added: October 10, 2026
Seleznev M., Луппова А. А., Вестник Свято-Филаретовского института 2026 Т. 18 № 1(57) С. 10–35
The story of the Tower of Babel (Gen 11:1-9) is one of the key episodes in the narratives of the Book of Genesis. In modern scholarship, various—often sharply divergent—datings of this pericope are proposed, as well as different interpretations of its place in the picture of the formation of the biblical text that was put ...
Added: October 9, 2026
Seleznev M., Луппова А. А., Вестник Свято-Филаретовского института 2026 Т. 18 № 2 (58) С. 322–349
Like other narratives in the Book of Genesis, the story of Cain and Abel (Gen 4:1–16) has been studied and commented upon for more than two millennia. However, recent scholarship has introduced significant revisions to traditional interpretations. Over the past five years, several monumental commentaries on Genesis 1–11 have been published, offering new—and sometimes mutually ...
Added: October 9, 2026
Seleznev M., Vestnik Drevnei Istorii 2026 Vol. 3 No. 86 P. 589–592
The article reconstructs the 'biography' of an alleged (in fact, non-existent) fragment of
4QDeutq said to contain a non-Masoretic reading of Deut 32 : 8. It traces how erroneous
references to the fragment emerged during the preliminary publication of the Scrolls in the
1950s, the scholarly attention this fragment received, its eventual disappearance from Qumran
studies after the official ...
Added: October 9, 2026
Ronko R., Тимофеева В. Д., Индоиранские языки 2026 Т. 2 № 2 С. 117–146
The paper is devoted to the variable number marking in Shughni
nouns and reports the results of corpus and experimental studies. In some languages,
including Shughni, the marking of plural nouns is not compulsory. Many
factors such as animacy, referentiality, morphological and semantic properties,
or syntactic position may determine the presence or absence of number marking.
The corpus study investigates ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Ronko R., Zemicheva S., Труды института русского языка им. В.В. Виноградова 2026 Т. 3 № 49 С. 133–149
In the dialects of the Russian-Belarusian borderland, the verb byt’ ‘to be’ in the present tense is represented by a set of short (e, ё) and full forms (ecть, ёсць, etc.). This article investigates the variability of these forms in the dialect corpus of the village of Spiridonova Buda (Zlynkovskij District, Bryansk Region) and in ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Ronko R., RHEMA. РЕМА 2026 № 1 С. 9–20
In the introductory article to the thematic volume devoted to grammatical research on the speech of several villages, the main linguistic-geographical information about the dialect is presented, along with a description of the key methodological principles for working with the material. The dialects under study belong to the group of the Pskov dialects and border ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Абзалов Л. Ф., Гатин М., Мустакимов И. А. et al., Материалы по археологии и истории античного и средневекового Причерноморья 2026 № 22 С. 395–406
The article is devoted to the analysis of the office of mushrif in the states of traditional Orient. The sources and researches characterize this institution in different ways. One authors consider mushrif as a representative of a treasure office, others states that he was a kind of ‘undercover agent” who fulfilled ruler’s secret orders in ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Popov A., Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 2025 Vol. 95 No. 6 P. 689–699
The article examines the export of Soviet oil to the CMEA countries in 1965–1985, relying on statistical data from declassified collections of Foreign Trade of CMEA Member Countries, which are being made available to scholars for the first time. The author argues that economic motives played a significant role in the expansion of Soviet oil ...
Added: October 8, 2026
Ladynin I. A., Вестник древней истории 2024 Т. 84 № 1 С. 5–26
The article analyses a set of Classical evidence reflecting the Egyptian conquest of Bactria or its attempt (Diod. I. 46–47; Tac. Ann. II. 60. 3; Strabo XVII. 1. 46), a statement of Manetho of Sebennytos on the vast conquests of king Sethos-Ramesses (I) (Manetho. Frg. 50 = Ios. C.Ap. I. 15. § 98–102), and the ...
Added: May 5, 2026
Alexandrov B., Nouvelles assyriologiques brèves et utilitaires 2025 No. 3 P. 123–125
The article offers a commented edition of a fragment of the Hittite-Assyrian diplomatic correspondence of the 13th century B.C. ...
Added: March 1, 2026
Alexandrov B., Вестник древней истории 2024 Т. 84 № 3 С. 597–610
The article analyzes the historical context of the inscription of Shalmaneser I from Üçtepe published in 2022. In the end of Adad-nērārī I’s reign (1295–1264) and the early years of Shalmaneser I (1263–1234) the city of Šināmu, now identified with Üçtepe, was controlled by the kingdom of Hanigalbat, as it is shown by the letter ...
Added: January 12, 2025
Alexandrov B., Индоевропейское языкознание и классическая филология 2024 № 28(1) С. 9–49
The tablet VAT 7420 (KBo 1.28 / CTH 57) contains a text of an edict issued by the Hittite king Mursili II to define the status of Piaššili / Šarri-Kušuḫ, the ruler of Karkemiš. According to the edict, the future rulers of Karkemiš were assigned a third rank in the imperial hierarchy after the great king of Ḫatti and ...
Added: June 14, 2024
Alexandrov B., Вестник древней истории 2023 Т. 83 № 4 С. 975–1003
The article contains translation and commentary to the Akkadian letter RS 34.165 from the archives of Ugarit. This letter describes a battle between Hittite and Assyrian armies fought near the town of Nihriya in Upper Mesopotamia close to the end of 1240s B.C. ...
Added: December 24, 2023
Alexandrov B., Восток. Афро-азиатские общества: история и современность 2023 № 2 С. 236–252
The excavations carried out by the Turkish archaeologists at the site of Maşat Höyük (ancient Tapigga) in 1973–1981 brought to light a Hittite cuneiform archive which consisted of more than 100 tablets. The administrative letters of local officials were the most numerous among the epigraphic finds. Another important part of the corpus was represented by the accounting ...
Added: June 14, 2023
Alexandrov B., Journal Asiatique 2022 Vol. 310 No. 1 P. 17–25
The article reviews recent developments in the study of the Hittite-Assyrian relations in the second half of the 13th century BCE. It is argued that there is no sufficient evidence for reconstructing two military conflicts between Hatti and Assyria during the reign of Tukultī-Ninurta I (1233–1197 BCE). The battle of Nihriya described in the Ugarit letter ...
Added: March 16, 2022