«Хозяйствующий субъект» в монастырской экономике XVII века

Известия Российской академии образования. 2026. Т. 2. № 74. С. 50–65.

Dadykina M.

In modern economic law, the concept of "business entity" refers to an individual or legal entity (or association) en- gaged in economic activity for profit. Since the concept of a legal entity in Russia only fully developed in the late 18th century, the use of this term in the context of the Russian economy of the 17th century is quite tentative. However, two key points in this defini- tion are important for us: first, the "entity" engaged in certain economic activities can be either an individual on their own or an individual as part of a collective entity, in this case, a monastic community. Second, this "entity" operates in several spheres — the consumption and production of goods and/or services. This article examines the activities of Russian Orthodox monasteries in the 17th century through this conceptual framework. The very pos- sibility for monasteries to successfully conduct economic activity in the context of emerging commodity-money relations was linked to the extent to which this abstract "subject" absorbed real subjects with specific abilities such as double-entry bookkeeping, interacting with potential clients, maintaining infrastructure –written and material communication, access to up-to-date information, and understanding the nuances of commercial and industrial activity.

Keywords: экономика, economy, капитал, XVII век, resources, capital, монастырь, Monastery, Russia in 17 century, ресурсы