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Не только советское: «Зияющие высоты» Александра Зиновьева в оптике исследований правительности
Article is devoted to the interpretation of Alexander Zinoviev's novel «Yawning Heights» in the Post-Foucauldian optics of governmentality studies. In the center of Zinoviev’s social ontology, which is preliminarily reconstructed, there is moralized confrontation. On the one side, there are non-moral egoistic social laws (sociality), on the other – antisociality based on the effort of individuals to constrain sociality with the help of law, science, religion, art, and other forms. This is a universal explanatory scheme used by Zinoviev to explain the specifics of power and society in the city of Ibansk, where the events of the novel take place. Ibanskian society is a cynical society of the victorious sociality, and ibanskian regime is its continuation.
Hereafter the features of Zinoviev's vision of power are outlined. The essence of ibanskian regime is in the structure of everyday life, and not in repression as its extreme manifestation. It uses the internal processes of society associated with the action of sociality. This leads to an appeal to the optics of governmentality studies to analyze the functioning of power in the novel. The main features of the approach of research on governmentality and management as a guide to behavior are revealed. Arguments are given in favor of the fact that the Iban governmentality is related not only to the Soviet regime, but also to a more general configuration of government, not limited either by this regime or by the past. In this sense, its study can become a contribution to the historical ontology of ourselves and the study of how we are governed today.
Next, ibanskian governmentality is reconstructed with the help of Jon Elster's study of logical traps at the base of the ibanskian regime, in particular, the confusion of passive and active negations. The basic dispositions and principles of power, specific governmental techniques, such as delation, meeting and delegated silencing, are written out. The model of the subject produced by ibanskian governmentality is revealed. Lastly this governmentality is discussed as a reaction to the introduction of cybernetics into government.