К ранней истории Фанагории

Проблемы истории, филологии, культуры. 2018. № 3. С. 98–106.

Shelov-Kovedyaev F. V.

The paper presents some epigraphical (nr. 1 – donations to different gods; nr. 2 – owner’s inscription; nr. 3 – account list; nr. 4 – dedication) and sculptural (nr. 5 – a fragment of tomb anthemion) evidences of Phanagoria’s foundation in the first half of VI century B.C. Nr. 1 – a fraction of Chios amphora dating from 1 half of sixth century – comport the script evidently more ancient as the beginning of VI century B.C. 3rd quarter in Sōn’s votive from Panticapaeum. Nr. 2 is a fragment of vessel the analogy of what is found on the Mithridates mount in Kerch city in the layer of the beginning of VIth B.C., and the script of graffito on this is typical for the 1st half of VI century. The letters of nr. 3 are similar to Myniis inscription on oinochoe dating before the mid-sixth century. The script of nr. 4 dedication on the vessel of first half of VI B.C. is known in Ionic area from the 4th quarter of VII century B.C. Anthemion’s palmette with gathered petal (only one on right site below is curved) from funeral stele (nr. 5) have direct analogies in Ionia before the mid-sixth century B.C. If the anthemion was imported from Asia Minor he’s date don’t be other as 1st half of VI century. If he was manufactured at place – regarding to effect of distance – he must be dated no later as 3rd quarter of VIth B.C. So buried is arrived to Phanagoria in the first half of this century. The author analyze too the Zhebelev’s artificial and obsolete hypothesis about Phanagoria’s foundation and take conclusion that Arrian have had erroneous combine the information about two waves of settlers to her place.

Keywords: Боспор, Bosporus, letters, шрифт, data, Фанагория, script, graffito, граффито, Phanagoria, apoikia, apoikoi, epoikoi, palmette, апойкия, апойки, эпойки, буквы, пальметта, дата