Экономические проблемы иммиграции в США

Азимут научных исследований: экономика и управление. 2020. Т. 9. № 4(33). С. 277–280.

Petrovskaya N.

The purpose of this article is to study the economic effects and problems associated with immigration to the United States. The paper uses the systems, economic-statistical, logical, and comparative analysis approaches. The study analyzes U.S. Bureau of Labour Statistics data and Pew Research Center surveys. The paper provides an age, racial and ethnic portrait of immigrants. The distribution of migrants across the country is shown. Median household income and poverty for native-born and foreign-born. The adverse effect of the COVID-19 labor market shock on immigrant employment. The impact of the pandemic on the level of employment of foreign workers is considered. Immigrants make up 17.6% of the U.S. labor force, and their share is growing. On the one hand, they form a special segment of the labor market with higher unemployment, lower wages, illegal and unstable employment, and jobs that do not correspond to the skills of migrants. On the other hand, the constant influx of highly skilled labor contributes significantly to maintaining U.S. technological leadership. From the point of view of the growth of the American economy, the entrepreneurial activity of immigrants who create high-tech companies and new jobs is important. An important aspect of immigration is the change in the ethnic balance of the population. The US experiences are of practical interest for countries with a large influx of foreign labor, including Russia.

Keywords: рынок труда, безработица, миграция, США, labour market, employment, USA, migration, иммигранты, unemployment, занятость, immigration, денежные переводы мигрантов, migrant remittances