Драйверы роста китайского экспорта

Социальные и гуманитарные науки. Отечественная и зарубежная литература. Серия 9: Востоковедение и африканистика. 2026. № 2. С. 173–208.

Mozias P.

Abstract. Over the years of market reforms, China has moved from an autarkic economy to the position of the world’s largest trading power, becoming a global leader both in export volume and in total foreign trade turnover. For a long time, China’s export success was commonly explained by her use of comparative advantages in labor-intensive goods, whose production relied on an abundant supply of cheap labor. However, both the penetration of Chinese labor-intensive products into new markets and, even more so, the expansion into foreign markets of more technologically sophisticated products would hardly have been possible without state support for exports as an integral component of industrial policy. In any case, as the reserve of surplus labor in the traditional agricultural sector becomes exhausted, the population ages, and physical and human capital accumulate, the comparative advantages of the Chinese economy are changing, shifting toward capital-intensive and technologically complex goods. The dynamics of Chinese exports are also inevitably influenced by changes in the domestic and foreign policy environments, such as the shift toward policies aimed at stimulating domestic consumer demand and the emerging fragmentation of the global economic space due to Sino-American rivalry.

Keywords: экспорт, промышленная политика, Китай, экстерналии, сравнительные преимущества