На сретении символа и реальности (еще раз о "Докторе Живаго")

Философские науки. 2020. Т. 63. № 7. С. 60–80.

Porus V. N.

The article discusses the problem of a literary method that was used
by B.L. Pasternak in the novel Doctor Zhivago. The author examines the
relation of this method with the ideas of symbolism and post-symbolism.
In the novel, symbolist motives take new forms. Pasternak establishes a
“live” connection between heroes and events, which symbolize “prime
causes” of the taking place events and destinies. They belong to two
worlds that are not separated from each other by borders between essential
levels (from the lowest to the highest). The reality of life stops
being a shadow of the highest reality, but the former is penetrated by the
latter. Symbols do not indicate “prime causes” and “prime senses,” but
become their “live” mediums. In space of the novel there is a “Candlemas”
of the reality that shows itself through symbols and the reality of
life, with all its secrets and solutions, happiness and grief, absurdity and
clear sense. The literary method that make possible such Candlemas can
be determined as “symbolist realism.” The Candlemas does not create
harmony, it leaves all contradictions not resolved, all questions – without
answer, expectation – without hope. His heroes symbolize the highest
realities, and at the same time they live and die. It allows the reader
simultaneously to be both the contemplator of game of the highest forces
(as envisioned by symbolism) and the compassionate participant of vital
tragedies of heroes of the novel (as in realism). B.L. Pasternak created
a genre of novel-poem that by the means of poetic prose puts and solves
deep philosophical problems of the philosophy of history and philosophical
anthropology.

Keywords: реализм, символизм, философия истории, философская антропология, художественный метод, «Доктор Живаго», Б.Л. Пастернак, пост-символизм, «символистский реализм»