Дезинформация (фейковые новости, пропаганда) как угроза стрессоустойчивости: подходы на уровне Евросоюза и Литвы как его члена

Балтийский регион. 2020. Т. 12. № 1. С. 53–67.

Romanova T. A., Колотаев Ю. Ю., Соколов Н. И.

This study analyses EU and Lithuanian documents on countering disinformation/fake

news to present the plurality of the Union’s approaches to ensuring resilience. Currently,

there are three approaches to the problem in the EU. The first one, used by the

European Commission, is the recognition of citizens’ right to information as well as of

the need to promote critical thinking and information literacy. This approach fits into

the adaptive paradigm of action in the information space and the concept of autopoietic

resilience. The second approach, taken by the European External Action Service, is to

expose fake news and the media spreading it. In combining adaptive and paternalistic

paradigms of action in the information space, this approach employs a more static interpretation

of resilience. Lithuania has adopted a third approach, which is dominated

by the paternalistic paradigm and homeostatic resilience. This approach consists of

the state isolating citizens from certain information. Thus, the popular use of the term

‘resilience’ in the EU disguises the plurality of approaches to both disinformation and

resilience itself. Theoretically, this study draws on the concept of resilience and paradigms

for countering disinformation/fake news. Methodologically, it relies on critical

discourse analysis. The article suggests several possible causes of intra-EU differences

in countering disinformation/fake news/propaganda and interpreting resilience.

Keywords: Европейский Союз, Литва, European Union, propaganda, пропаганда, Lithuania, стрессоустойчивость, disinformation, дезинформация, fake news, фейковые новости, resilience