?
Теоретические подходы к исследованию практик родовспоможения и текстов о родах
In recent decades, being a poly- and interdisciplinary object of research, perinatal culture, including texts and practices of obstetrics, has been the focus of attention of various disciplines: cultural and social anthropology, history and ethnography of motherhood and childhood, history and ethnography of midwifery and obstetrics, history and anthropology of medicine, bioethics, history and sociology of everyday life, cultural studies, philosophy, philology, linguistics, folklore studies.
This article provides a brief overview of the most important from the author's point of view academic publications of Russian and foreign researchers working in the language of the above theoretical disciplines and applying the characteristic explanatory models and concepts.
The purpose of the review is to illustrate the diversity of theoretical and methodological approaches, as well as the multiplicity of methods of conceptualization, problem solving and analysis of texts on childbirth and regional practices of obstetrics and childbirth.
Russian researchers worked in line with different theoretical concepts and analyzed either past local village traditions or modern urban practices and texts. Therefore, the works based on Russian field materials, which were collected over the last three decades, were divided into three thematic chapters:
Post-Soviet folklore and anthropological studies of urban texts of women in childbirth and physicians;
Russian studies of Slavic traditional peasant maternity rites and folklore texts;
Russian anthropological and sociological studies of urban perinatal practices.
This article also includes Russian works, the authors of which focused on the analysis of English-language studies on medicalization and obstetrics.
The final chapter is intended to provide a brief overview of the last four decades of work by Anglo-American researchers on women's birth texts and delivery practices.