?
LBDQXII to LBDQ50: preferred leader behavior measurement across cultures
Journal of Management Development. 2020. Vol. 39. No. 1. P. 68–81.
Warner-Soederholm G., Minelgaite I., Littrell R.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to refine and validate the most widely used leader behavior measurement instrument, LBDQXII, into a more parsimonious instrument for assessing cognitive templates of preferred leader behavior across cultures.
Design/methodology/approach
The 100-item LBDQXII survey was administered to 6,451 participants from 14 countries; these data were used to refine the survey.
Findings
The shorter survey instrument is a valid and reliable tool for assessing preferred leader behavior. Four periods in the LBDQXII “evolution” are identified: emergence, expansion, stagnation and revival.
Research limitations/implications
The new LBDQ50 can be used to collect data across cultures, contributing to both global management development and scholarly studies.
Practical implications
This project corresponds to calls to shorten the well-established leader behavior instrument into a measurement tool that is reliable and valid across cultures and languages. This can be administered by both private and public organizations, contributing to greater effectiveness. Furthermore, it retains its scholarly scope encompassing follower-centric studies of leadership.
Social implications
Leadership processes are found in all aspects of life and can be better understood and improved within and across cultures using the shorter version.
Originality/value
An efficient instrument to measure preferred leadership behavior across and within cultures. The availability of the LBDQ50 will allow practitioners and researchers to advance understanding of preferred leadership behavior as a predictor of organizational effectiveness. Most such instruments are overly-long, which hinders data collection opportunities. This newly developed instrument can lead to better response rates and easier applicability in organizational settings.
Gokhberg L., Abdrakhmanova G., Kutsenko E. et al., Вопросы статистики 2026 Т. 33 № 4 С. 5–20
This article examines the methodological and practical issues associated with the transition to the new edition of the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED) – OKVED3. The relevance of the study stems from the need to reflect contemporary structural changes in the economy, related to the transformation of the existing economic activities and emergence of ...
Added: September 15, 2026
Makarov I. A., Россия в глобальной политике 2026 Т. 24 № 4 (140) С. 164–182
Три с половиной года остаётся до 2030-го – окончания срока реализации Целей устойчивого развития (ЦУР) – главной международной инициативы, устанавливающей долгосрочные ориентиры для будущего человечества. Уже очевидно, что она провалилась: преодоление бедности, решение экологических проблем и построение инклюзивного и справедливого общества остались красивой мечтой. Кто-то может воспринимать ЦУР как памятник человеческой наивности. Но надо понимать, что эта ...
Added: September 14, 2026
Fedorova E., Ledyaeva S., Stepanov V., International Review of Economics and Finance 2026
This study investigates the influence of low-quality information, specifically fake news, on short
term stock returns, contributing to the discourse on signal theory and behavioral economics.
Employing a machine learning approach, the authors developed a robust fake news dataset from
publicly available sources. Sentiment analysis was conducted using a FinBERT model fine-tuned
for stock market contexts, alongside extensive dataset ...
Added: September 12, 2026
Карпова Д. А., Sizova I., Gordin V. E., Креативные индустрии 2026 Т. 2 № 2 С. 10–31
This article examines the musealisation of industrial heritage and its role in regional and corporate branding. The relevance of this study stems from deindustrialisation processes, the growth of industrial tourism, and the need to preserve historical memory, which is particularly important in the context of Russian realities—the lack of a legal definition of the concept ...
Added: September 9, 2026
Veselova L. S., Морозова В. С., Дарчиева А. А., Управленец 2026 Vol. 17 No. 4 P. 66–78
На фоне развивающихся торгово-экономических отношений между Россией и Китаем российские десерт- ные бренды получают новые возможности для выхода на китайский рынок. Однако их присутствие ограничено преи- мущественно приграничными регионами, а продвижение сдерживается недостаточной адаптацией к социокультурным особенностям китайских потребителей. Статья посвящена разработке практических рекомендаций по формированию стратегии адаптации российских десертных брендов к специфике китайского рынка. ...
Added: September 9, 2026
Kilinc-Ata N., Warong M. M., SN Business & Economics 2026 Vol. 6 Article 326(2026)
Green transitions are widely expected to attract cleaner capital and accelerate decarbonization; however, emerging-economy evidence increasingly challenges this assumption. This study examines the dynamic relationship between energy transition indicators and capital inflows in BRICS+ economies over the period 1996–2022, explicitly testing the “Green Haven” hypothesis under conditions of global uncertainty. Unlike much of the existing ...
Added: September 9, 2026
Warong M. M., International Journal of Diplomacy and Economy 2026
This study conducted in Indonesia between 2000 and 2023, demonstrates a complex, non-linear interplay between the economic environment and the emergence of clean energy start-ups. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lag and Markov Switching models, the research shows that start-up formation coincides with periods of lower GDP growth, suggesting that innovation is often spurred by necessity. Two ...
Added: September 9, 2026
Кореневский В. В., Экономика и математические методы 2026 Т. 25 № 3 С. 853–878
The US presidential election is a lengthy and complex process, during which candidates present their views and programs for reforming the country's politics and economy, while mass media broadcast these positions to a wide audience. In the most recent election, the topic of cryptocurrencies was used in the campaign for the electorate for the first ...
Added: September 8, 2026
Veselova A., Dikova D., Aray Y., Asia Pacific Journal of Management 2026
We examine board of directors’ gender diversity and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure of Russian firms, and test for their effects on the market valuation of these firms. The Russian context is unique because gender disparity of boards and top management remains high in Russia due to historical legacy, absence of specific diversity-promoting regulations and ...
Added: September 8, 2026
Alena Bernyukevich, / Series WP BRP "Basic research program". 2025.
This essay explores the complex issue of determining the appropriate level of risk when implementing innovations within organizations. While innovation is widely recognized as a cornerstone of competitiveness, growth, and sustainability, excessive or poorly managed risk can lead to significant challenges. The discussion highlights key factors influencing acceptable risk levels, including alignment with corporate goals, ...
Added: August 17, 2026
Gurkov I. B., Kossov V. V., Filinov N. et al., / NRU Higher School of Economics. Series MAN "Management". 2026. No. N/A.
This research note is devoted to assessing the socioeconomic impact of sanctions of sanctioned countries and uses the data on Russia in 2022-2024. We use for the analysis four fundamental socioeconomic parameters-the expected length of life of males at birth, the misery index (Okun's index), the level of Gross Domestic Product at purchasing parity prices, ...
Added: June 11, 2026
Абдрасилов Б. С., Шинетова Л. Е., Ivanova A. et al., Вопросы образования 2026 № 2 С. 8–41
Worldwide, high-stakes entrance examinations are subject to rigorous requirements: they must be as objective, reliable, and fair as possible. This entails that the processes of their development, administration, and scoring are carefully controlled and standardized to eliminate any possibility of bias. In Kazakhstan, university admission is based on the results of the state entrance examination—the ...
Added: December 3, 2025
Meissner D., Salati Marcondes de Moraes G. H., Brandão Fischer B. et al., / NRU Higher School of Economics. Series WP BRP "Science, Technology and Innovation". 2025. No. WP BRP /STI/2025.
Innovation has long been at the center of debates in economics, management, and organizational studies. However, innovation is never free of uncertainty and risk. Every act of innovation implies a departure from established paths and a willingness to embrace the unknown. From the beginning it's never clear if there is an audience which appreciates the ...
Added: November 28, 2025
Cripps K., Ivanova E., Sridaran K. et al., / Series 0 "0". 2024.
Imagine a world where individuals are considering the impact on the long term of the decisions they are making. Where, as they analyze information, they wonder who are the stakeholders impacted – extending beyond the traditional ones to include Nature, the ecosystem as a stakeholder, and the next generations. Imagine young people reminding each other ...
Added: November 5, 2025
Knyaginina N., Тишкина К. О., Puchkov E., Высшее образование в России 2025 Т. 34 № 8-9 С. 74–92
Article analyzes the use of Student evaluation of teaching (SET) in Russian universities—one of the key feedback tools in higher education. The authors examined documents from 694 universities to identify the presence of SET, its goals, and implementation features. The results show that only 13% of universities conduct SET targeting specific instructors. In most cases, ...
Added: September 29, 2025
Melnikov N., Педагогика и психология образования 2025 № 1
Leadership skills play a crucial role for modern specialists, as they enable effective management of teams, stimulate the team to achieve tasks and goals, promote personal growth, and optimize work processes. Participation in patriotic movements provides students with unique opportunities to demonstrate their leadership qualities. The event-based approach enhances the effectiveness of student involvement in ...
Added: May 15, 2025
Sokolov B., / Series OSF "SocArXiv". 2025.
This paper reviews various estimands used in modern scientific and applied research to operationalize causal inquiries within the Rubin Causal Model framework. I first introduce the most widely utilized average treatment effects, such as ATE, ATT, and ATC. I then describe their popular extensions, including those targeting local and conditional treatment effects; causal interactions and mediation; effects ...
Added: May 6, 2025
Ovanesova Y., Moshiashvili M. M., Типсина Н. О., / Series "Working Papers". 2021.
The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the cultural characteristics of the digital ecosystem product teams leaders and operational efficiency. Using binary choice models (the main conclusions were made on the basis of logit regressions), has been found a significant negative relationship between the probability of achieving business goals by a team ...
Added: February 17, 2025
Kapeliushnikov R., / Высшая школа экономики. Серия WP3 "Проблемы рынка труда". 2024. № WP3/2024/03.
The paper analyses the little-known essay of one of the classics of economic thought, J. A. Schumpeter (1883–1950), “The Sociology of Imperialisms,” where he appears not as an economic theorist, but as an economic sociologist. The problem of imperialism interested Schumpeter almost throughout his scientific career. His theory was polemically directed against various Marxist interpretations, ...
Added: December 18, 2024
Kapeliushnikov R., / Высшая школа экономики. Серия WP3 "Проблемы рынка труда". 2024. № WP3/2024/02.
The paper explores the key development in the Russian labor market of the 2020s – emergence of a massive overhang of vacant jobs, which has already reached a record level of 7 percent. The paper discusses theoretical aspects of the problem of labor “shortage”, examines probable triggers for the vacancy escalation, and analyzes its dynamics and ...
Added: December 18, 2024
Kapeliushnikov R., / Высшая школа экономики. Серия WP3 "Проблемы рынка труда". 2024. № WP3/2024/01.
The history of economic thought knows a few of heated methodological controversies (Methodenstreit), the most famous of which was a “battle” at the end of the 19th century between Austrian and New historical schools on proper methods of social sciences. Later at the turn of the 1930–1940s a dispute arose between J.M. Keynes, on the one ...
Added: December 18, 2024
Zvereva V., / Банк России. Серия 1 "Аналитические записки". 2024. № 10.
Россия относится к числу стран, которым присуща выраженная региональная неоднородность. Эта неоднородность может быть связана с географическим расположением региона. Например, регионы Дальнего Востока имеют внешнеэкономические связи преимущественно со странами Азии, в то же время регионы запада России преимущественно связаны с Европой. Неоднородность также может быть следствием разной структуры экономик регионов. Например, в южных регионах традиционно ...
Added: December 12, 2024
Zvereva V., Скуратова А. В., / Банк России. Серия 1 "Доклады об экономических исследованиях". 2024. № 129.
Целью данного исследования являлась оценка вклада федеральных и региональных факторов в работу процентного канала трансмиссионного механизма денежно-кредитной политики (ТМ ДКП) после начала пандемии COVID-19 в 2020 году и усиления санкционного давления в 2022 году. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что наблюдается заметная асимметрия и неоднородность в реакции региональных банковских ставок на ДКП в зависимости от рынка (корпоративное кредитование или депозиты населения), характера ДКП (сдерживающая или стимулирующая) и влияния региональных факторов. Лаг ДКП составляет: 2–3 месяца для рынка корпоративного кредитования и 3–4 месяца для рынка ...
Added: December 12, 2024
Gasheva T. S., Vlasov D. I., Otinov A. V. et al., Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 2021 Vol. 33 No. 4 P. 7–18
Unified Modeling Language (UML) is widely used standard for models visualization in software industry. Hence, a preparation of IT professionals involves the learning modeling process. Studies of student perception of UML modeling indicate that this process is perceived as quite complex. This paper presents software for validation activity, class and use-case diagrams by XMI representation. ...
Added: October 19, 2024