Интеграционная политика общества и отношение к мигрантам принимающего населения: исследование в 17 Европейских странах

Психология. Журнал Высшей школы экономики. 2019. Т. 16. № 2. С. 216–231.

Tatarko A.

 

Migration processes in today’s world are developing rapidly, and different countries respond
to this reality in different ways. Some are more open to migrants and their integration, while others are less welcoming. Various effects of integration migration policy, primarily for migrants,
were studied in the social sciences. The connection of integration migration policy with the attitudes of ethnic majority towards migrants has been studied less. There is evidence that multicultural policy of society is related to positive attitudes towards migrants and a reduction in perceived threat. On the other hand, there is evidence that the open immigration policy of the society may be resisted by the some representatives of the host population. Based on data from
European countries, we examined the relationship between the 8 indicators of immigration policy that make up the integration policy index (MIPEX) and the three variables that characterize
attitudes towards migrants and migration (the permissibility of migration, the benefits of migration, institutional support for migration). In the study we used data from the integration migration policy index (MIPEX) for 2014, as well as indicators of attitudes towards migrants in 17 Euro pean countries according to the European social survey ESS (more than 30,000 respondents) for 2016. This design allowed us to divide the cause (immigration policy) and the possible consequence (attitudes to migrants). From the ESS data, we have chosen only the answers of the representatives of the ethnic majority. Multilevel structural equation modeling with MPLUS software was used for data processing. The results of the study showed the ambiguity of the relationship
of the MIPEX index and its components with different attitudes of the host population towards
migrants and migration. The paper discusses which aspects of integration policy (on the example
of European data) have a positive and which have negative relations with the attitudes of the
host population towards migrants.
 

Keywords: мультикультурализм, отношение к мигрантам, MIPEX