Когда опасности становятся рутиной: конструктивистский подход в исследовании профессиональных рисков (на примере работников угольных предприятий г. Новокузнецка)

Мониторинг общественного мнения: Экономические и социальные перемены. 2019. № 4. С. 187–203.

Соломин М. С.

The article is devoted to the development of a constructivist approach to the study of occupational risk.  The author proposes a conceptual analysis scheme, which is based on the theoretical premises of risk sociology, such as: the inevitability of risk, its reproducibility during interactions, social conditionality.  The core of this scheme is the position according to which occupational risk is inextricably linked with the decision maker.  Special attention was paid to the influence of the “life world” of the profession on the formation of the subject's perceptions about risks.

The author shows the possible contribution of a constructivist approach to solving such a sociological problem as the discrepancy between the actual behavior of workers and the statutory safety regulations.

 The empirical base of the study consists of 12 semi-structured interviews with employees of coal enterprises in Novokuznetsk.  It was revealed that the actions of the employees are determined by the perceptions of the allowable costs and possible benefits.  These perceptions, which are formed under conditions where the professional environment is a set of routineized hazards, are shifted in certain circumstances towards possible benefits.  As a result, those behaviors that, from the standpoint of a realistic approach to risk analysis, are considered a violation of formal safety standards, can be sustainable actions aimed at obtaining benefits that are not necessarily material.

Keywords: профессиональный риск, реализм, constructivism, конструктивистский подход, professional risk, Realism