Миграция сельского населения и динамика сельскохозяйственной занятости в регионах России

Вестник Московского университета. Серия 5: География. 2017. № 5. С. 58–67.

Nefedova T., Mkrtchyan N. V.

The main trends of rural migration, the spatial distribution of labor resources in rural areas and the change in agricultural employment associated with its post-Soviet transformation are analyzed. Five types of regions and their subtypes are identified which have different prospects for agriculture development and its labor resources. The relationship between rural labor resources and informal («shadow») employment, including seasonal and other temporal work in cities, is discussed. Despite the fact that spatial variations of agriculture stem from both natural, institutional and economic conditions and the accumulated consequences of rural depopulation, the actual population drain has no direct linkage with the agriculture wellbeing. Key factors are described due to which even positive trends and sustained growth of agricultural production do not in fact reduce human incentives to move from the countryside to cities, both for permanent residence and in search of temporary work.

Keywords: сельское хозяйство, трудовая миграция, employment, урбанизация, urbanization, agriculture, занятость, сельское население, labor migration, rural population, долговременная миграция, long-term migration