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Experimental Testing of the Affective Consequences of Nostalgia
Background. The inconsistent evidence regarding nostalgia’s affective outcomes suggests that its effects may not be uniform, but contingent on individual characteristics, a possibility that has received limited empirical attention.
Objective. To examine how induced nostalgia influences positive and negative affect, while accounting for age, gender, and overall well-being.
Design. A sample of 122 participants (balanced by gender and across three age groups: 20-35, 36-50, and 51-65 years) completed an Event Reflection Task to elicit either nostalgic memories or recollections of daily life events. Positive and negative affect were measured before and after the nostalgia induction and general well-being was measured after the intervention.
Results. Negative and ambivalent affect decreased after both experimental and control interventions. Gender and age did not moderate the effect of nostalgia induction on affect. Well-being moderated affective outcomes of nostalgia induction, with individuals higher in well-being experiencing greater increases in positive affect and greater decreases in negative and ambivalent affect (co-activation of positive and negative affect) after nostalgia induction.
Conclusion. The emotional impact of nostalgia appears to be independent of age or gender, but affected by individual differences in well-being. These findings help to clarify previous inconsistencies in the literature and suggest that nostalgia may be most emotionally beneficial for those already in a stable emotional state.