КОНСПИРОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ТЕОРИЯ КАК НОВАЯ ФОРМА ПОВСЕДНЕВНОГО ЗДРАВОГО СМЫСЛА: КОГНИТИВНАЯ МОДЕЛЬ И ПОЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРАКТИКА

Вопросы политологии. 2025. Т. 15. № 8. С. 3006–3015.

Стахеев И. С.

This article examines conspiracy theory as an epistemological model that performs the function of a universal explanatory framework amid the crisis of traditional regimes of interpretation - namely, science and religion. Drawing on the concepts of everyday rationality (A. Schutz), the cognitive mapping of perception (L. Boltanski), and mechanisms of discursive legitimation (E. Laclau), the author demonstrates how conspiracy thinking compensates for the fragmentation and lack of integration characteristic of contemporary knowledge systems. Particular attention is paid to the political functions of conspiracy theories: they serve not only as tools of mass mobilization and populist rhetoric but also as mechanisms for constructing the image of the enemy and for simplifying complex political processes. Unlike scientific and religious discourses, which typically assign the subject a passive role, conspiracy theory activates its audience, transforming them into subjects of exposure and resistance. The article interprets the rise of conspiracy theories as a symptom of the transformation of political rationality in late modernity, wherein the search for simple causes and agent-based interpretations acquires the status of common sense.

Keywords: популизм, повседневность, populism, здравый смысл, political rhetoric, политическая риторика, когнитивные модели, epistemology, conspiracy theory, everyday life, cognitive models, common sence, Конспиология, Эпистемиология